Comparative Analysis of Regional versus General Anesthesia

Abstract

The administration of regional or general anesthesia is dependent upon many factors to help reduce complications and improve patient outcomes after surgery.  In this comparative analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of both types of anesthesia as well as their respective contraindications are reviewed.  Both regional and general anesthetics come with adverse effects including morbidity/mortality, and a certain threshold that warrants a type of anesthesia suitable for a surgical procedure.  Although there are risks associated with both, certain patient populations may be at higher risk of complications including the elderly, severely ill, and individuals with specific medical conditions.  A review of current literature advises the following factors to be examined prior to choosing an anesthesia method most appropriate for the patient including: body mass index (BMI), medical history, age, current medications, fasting time, alcohol/drug intake, pharmaceutical drug use, dental work and airway inspection, as well as neck flexibility and head extension.  The research suggests that the patient be fully informed of the risks and benefits of both regional and general anesthesia, as well as taking part in the decision-making process.