Primer Server - A web application to design primers for the amplification of unique DNA targets in complex genomes

Authors

  • Takao Shibamoto Iowa State University
  • Kokulapalan Wimalanathan Iowa State University
  • Erica Unger-Wallace Iowa State University
  • Erik Vollbrecht Iowa State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47611/jsr.vi.454

Keywords:

PCR, primer, DNA, server, web, Node.js, Angular, Python, Flask, Primer3, BLAST

Abstract

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is one of the most important inventions of the 20th century in molecular biology. PCR is a technique to amplify or make in a test tube many copies of a specific DNA region. Miniscule amounts of the genetic material from any organism can now be amplified to identify individuals, manipulate DNA, detect infectious organisms including the viruses that cause AIDS, hepatitis, and tuberculosis, detect genetic variations including mutations in genes, and numerous other tasks.

PCR primers are short, single-stranded DNAs that define the section of DNA to be amplified. Two primers are used in each PCR reaction, designed so that they bind at flanking locations surrounding the target region. Critically, off-target binding may lead to experimental failure or worse, to misleading results. Thus, potential primers of approximately 20 DNA bases in length, must be examined for off-target binding among, for example, the 3.2 billion DNA bases from all human chromosomes, the human genome.

The purpose of our study is to make a user-friendly tool (Primer Server) that can design PCR primers efficiently and accurately as well as visualize the designed primers. Our web-based bioinformatics tool selects optimal primer sequences within the starting material by using a C module called primer3 and then prioritizing and/or eliminating potential primers based on comparison of the primer bases against all bases in the genome using an algorithm  called BLAST. This tool has an easy-to-use interface which was designed using Angular2, and an efficient server-side code written in Python. While similar tools exist, our tool is more user-friendly, efficient and uses extensive form validation to minimize errors in the user input. Our tool can be used to design primers that will be used in laboratory experiments to amplify DNA from various organisms, including large, complex genomes such as humans, other animals and plants.

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Author Biographies

Takao Shibamoto, Iowa State University

Software Research Assistant at Vollbrecht Lab

Computer Engineering Undergraduate at Iowa State University

Kokulapalan Wimalanathan, Iowa State University

Graduate Assistant-Research, Lawrence-Dill Lab, Vollbrecht Lab

Erica Unger-Wallace, Iowa State University

Assistant Scientist, Vollbrecht Lab

Erik Vollbrecht, Iowa State University

Principal Investigator, Vollbrecht Lab

Published

04-29-2018

How to Cite

Shibamoto, T., Wimalanathan, K., Unger-Wallace, E., & Vollbrecht, E. (2018). Primer Server - A web application to design primers for the amplification of unique DNA targets in complex genomes. Journal of Student Research. https://doi.org/10.47611/jsr.vi.454