Text-Based vs. Graphic Novels: SSR Programs and their Effect on High School Students’ Creativity Scores

Authors

  • Ava Handel Notre Dame Preparatory

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v13i3.7051

Keywords:

Sustained Silent Reading, Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, creative thinking skills, regular reading habits, text-based novels, graphic novels, reading, creativity, book genres, reading programs

Abstract

Creative thinking skills are among the chief abilities high school students need to find success in their studies, especially in humanities-based disciplines. A common avenue of exposure to such skills is through the written word, however, reading habits within high school students have been experiencing a downward trend. In this study, a mixed-method quasi-experimental research design was utilized to study the effects of a regular reading habit, stimulated using a Sustained Silent Reading (SSR) program, on high school students’ creativity test scores. Over the course of six weeks, 17 high school students met for 17 15-minute SSR sessions; participants read either graphic novels or text-based novels. To gauge a change in creative thinking skills, participants were tested using modified versions of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) before and after the SSR program. Score changes were then analyzed based on genres read and whether participants read graphic novels or text-based novels. On average, participants who participated in a text-based SSR program experienced a 7.611 score increase, while the graphic novel readers experienced minimal change. Furthermore, participants who read science fiction/dystopian and action/adventure material saw the greatest increase in TTCT scores. Though the sample size was relatively small, the results attested to the benefits regular reading habits—specifically using text-based reading material–can have on teenagers’ thinking skills.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References or Bibliography

Alabbasi, A. M. A., Paek, S. H., Kim, D., & Cramond, B. (2022, October 26). What do Educators Need to Know About the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking: A Comprehensive Review. Frontiers in Psychology. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9644186/#:~:text=The%20TTCT%20was%20designed%20to,%2C%20closure%2C%20and%20creative%20strength

American Psychological Association. (2018, August). Teens Today Spend More Time on Digital Media, Less Time Reading. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2018/08/teenagers-read-book

Bezerra, R. L. M., Alves, R. J. R., & Azoni, C. A. S. (2022, June 10). Creativity and its Relationship with Intelligence and Reading skills in Children: An Exploratory Study. SpringerOpen. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-022-00221-3

Boerman-Cornell, W., Kim, J., & Manderino, M. (2017). Graphic Novels in High School and Middle School Classrooms: A Disciplinary Literacies Approach. Rowman & Littlefield.

Broekkamp, H., Janssen, T., & Van Den Bergh, H. (2011, December). Is There a Relationship Between Literature Reading and Creative Writing?. Wiley Online Library. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2009.tb01310.x/abstract

Clark, C., & Rumbold, K. (2006, November). Reading for Pleasure: A Research Overview. ERIC - Educational Resources Information Center. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED496343.pdf

Cook, M. (2014). Reading graphically: Examining the effects of graphic novels on the reading comprehension of high school students. TigerPrints. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1351/

Davis, Z. (1988). A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Sustained Silent Reading and Directed Reading Activity on Students’ Reading Achievement. The High School Journal, 72(1), 46–48.

Gamber-Thompson, L. (2019, October 15). How Sustained Silent Reading Keeps Students Curious and Engaged. EdSurge. http://www.edsurge.com/news/2019-10-07-how-sustained-silent-reading-keeps-students-curious-and-engaged%2C%20%C2%A0

Garan, E. M., & DeVoogd, G. (2008). The Benefits of Sustained Silent Reading: Scientific Research and Common Sense Converge. The Reading Teacher, 62(4), 336–344. https://doi.org/10.1598/rt.62.4.6

Harris, A. D., McGregor, J. C., Perencevich, E. N., Furuno, J. P., Zhu, J., Peterson, D. E., & Finkelstein, J. (2006). The Use and Interpretation of Quasi-Experimental Studies in Medical Informatics. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 13(1), 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m1749

Jang, J.-Y., & Park, H.-R. (2014). A Study on How Reading Comic Books Affects Creativity. Cartoon and Animation Studies, 36, 437–467. https://doi.org/10.7230/koscas.2014.36.437

Jensen, T. L., & Jensen, V. S. (2002). Sustained Silent Reading and Young Adult Short Stories for High School Classes. The ALAN Review, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.21061/alan.v30i1.a.11

Kelley, M., & Clausen-Grace, N. (2006). R5: The Sustained Silent Reading Makeover that Transformed Readers. The Reading Teacher, 60(2), 148–156. https://doi.org/10.1598/rt.60.2.5

Maharsi, I., & Maulani, S. (2019). High School Students’ Reading Habit and Perception on Reading for Pleasure. IJIET (International Journal of Indonesian Education and Teaching), 3(1), 80–89. https://doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.v3i1.1711

McGinley, W., Kamberelis, G., Welker, A., Kelly, M. R., & Swafford, J. (2017). Roles of Affect and Imagination in Reading and Responding to Literature: Perspectives and Possibilities for English Classrooms. Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 32(1).

Monnin, K. (2010). Teaching Graphic Novels: Practical Strategies for the Secondary ELA Classroom. Maupin House Pub.

National Reading Panel, Teaching Children to Read: An Evidence-Based Assessment of the Scientific Research Literature on Reading and its Implications for Reading Instruction: Reports of the Subgroups (2000). Washington, DC; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health.

Niland, A. (2023). Picture Books, Imagination and Play: Pathways to Positive Reading Identities for Young Children. Education Sciences, 13(5), 511. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13050511

Peacocke, A. (2020). How Literature Expands your Imagination. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 103(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/phpr.12716

Perks, K. (2006, June 9). Fun, Easy, and Effective: Sustained Silent Reading as a High School Practice. Coalition of Essential Schools. http://essentialschools.org/horace-issues/fun-easy-and-effective-sustained-silent-reading-as-a-high-school-practice/

Reading Rockets. (n.d.). Reconsidering silent reading. https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/curriculum-and-instruction/articles/reconsidering-silent-reading

Redoutey, T. L. (1987). A Study of Uninterrupted Sustained Silent Reading as an Aid to Improved Reading Comprehension. eCommons. https://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4346&context=graduate_theses

Scholastic Testing Service, Inc. (n.d.). Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Torrance tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) - STS 1.800.642.6787. https://www.ststesting.com/gift/index.html

Siah, P.-C., & Kwok, W.-L. (2010). The Value of Reading and the Effectiveness of Sustained Silent Reading. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 83(5), 168–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098650903505340

Smith, J., Smith, L., Gilmore, A., & Jameson, M. (2012). Students’ Self-Perception of Reading Ability, Enjoyment of Reading and Reading Achievement . Learning and Individual Differences, 22(2), 202–206.

Sulistiyarini, A., Sukarno, S., & Triyanto. (2020). The Impact of Reading Activity Before Lesson on Creative Thinking Skill. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Learning Innovation and Quality Education (ICLIQE 2019). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200129.074

Trasmundi, S. B., & Cowley, S. J. (2020). Reading: How Readers Beget Imagining. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.531682

Wang, A. Y. (2012). Exploring the Relationship of Creative Thinking to Reading and Writing. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 7(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2011.09.001

Published

08-31-2024

How to Cite

Handel, A. (2024). Text-Based vs. Graphic Novels: SSR Programs and their Effect on High School Students’ Creativity Scores. Journal of Student Research, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v13i3.7051

Issue

Section

AP Capstone™ Research