The Contribution of genetic testing to the early detection and prevention of ischemic stroke

Abstract

Cerebrovascular accident, more commonly known as stroke, is defined by the National Health Institute as an incident that occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked. The main symptom of stroke is a sudden numbness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body. Other common symptoms include sudden confusion, trouble seeing, or dizziness. Depending on how the blood flow to the brain is limited, there are two main classifications of stroke: hemorrhagic and ischemic. Ischemic stroke, which makes up roughly 80% of all cases, occurs when blood flow to the brain is abruptly interrupted, resulting in a sudden loss of function. A study showed that heritability accounted for around 37.9% of all cases of ischemic stroke. Hence, the more urgent need to be able to detect, prevent and cure ischemic stroke, while adhering to strict moral and ethical principles. This literature review will explore how genetic testing and engineering can be used to detect, prevent and cure ischemic stroke. Through the analysis of genetic mutations linked to ischemic stroke, genetic engineering can identify the condition early and create personalised prevention approaches. Thus, genetic testing holds the potential to enhance the well-being of individuals who are vulnerable to or impacted by ischemic stroke.