Exploring Doctor-Patient Dynamics: The Mediating Role of Doctor's Empathy and the Moderating Effect of Treatment Effectiveness on Doctor-Patient Communication, Trust, and Satisfaction

AlRuthia, Y., Alwhaibi, M., Almalag, H., Almosabhi, L., Almuhaya, M., Sales, I., . . . & Asiri, Y. (2020). The relationship between trust in primary healthcare providers among patients with diabetes and levels of depression and anxiety. Plos one, 15(9), e0239035.

Altin, S. V., & Stock, S. (2016). The impact of health literacy, patient-centered communication and shared decision-making on patients’ satisfaction with care received in German primary care practices. BMC health services research, 16(1), 1-10.

Amir, N., McCarthy, H. J., & Tong, A. (2021). A working partnership: A review of shared decision‐making in nephrology. Nephrology, 26(11), 851-857.

Asan, O., Yu, Z., & Crotty, B. H. (2021). How clinician-patient communication affects trust in health information sources: Temporal trends from a national cross-sectional survey. Plos one, 16(2), e0247583.

Ashraf, A. A., Colakoglu, S., Nguyen, J. T., Anastasopulos, A. J., Ibrahim, A. M., Yueh, J. H., . . . Lee, B. T. (2013). Patient involvement in the decision-making process improves satisfaction and quality of life in postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Journal of Surgical Research, 184(1), 665-670.

Assefa, Y., Gilks, C. F., Reid, S., van de Pas, R., Gete, D. G., & Van Damme, W. (2022). Analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons towards a more effective response to public health emergencies. Globalization and Health, 18(1), 10.

Basch, E. (2017). Patient-reported outcomes-harnessing patients' voices to improve clinical care. New England Journal of Medicine, 376(2), 105-108.

Batbaatar, E., Dorjdagva, J., Luvsannyam, A., Savino, M. M., & Amenta, P. (2017). Determinants of patient satisfaction: a systematic review. Perspectives in public health, 137(2), 89-101.

Bennion, M., Hardy, G., Moore, R., & Millings, A. (2017). E-therapies in England for stress, anxiety or depression: what is being used in the NHS? A survey of mental health services. BMJ open, 7(1), e014844.

Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912-920.

Bukstein, D. A., Guerra Jr, D. G., Huwe, T., & Davis, R. A. (2020). A review of shared decision-making: a call to arms for health care professionals. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 125(3), 273-279.

Burks, D. J., & Kobus, A. M. (2012). The legacy of altruism in health care: the promotion of empathy, prosociality and humanism. Medical education, 46(3), 317-325.

Byrd, J., Knowles, H., Moore, S., Acker, V., Bell, S., Alanis, N., . . . Wang, H. (2021). Synergistic effects of emergency physician empathy and burnout on patient satisfaction: a prospective observational study. Emergency Medicine Journal, 38(4), 290-296.

Castro, M. C., Massuda, A., Almeida, G., Menezes-Filho, N. A., Andrade, M. V., de Souza Noronha, K. V. M., ... & Atun, R. (2019). Brazil's unified health system: the first 30 years and prospects for the future. The Lancet, 394(10195), 345-356.

Clarke, M. A., Moore, J. L., Steege, L. M., Koopman, R. J., Belden, J. L., Canfield, S. M., . . . Kim, M. S. (2016). Health information needs, sources, and barriers of primary care patients to achieve patient-centered care: A literature review. Health informatics journal, 22(4), 992-1016.

Cook, K. S., Cheshire, C., Rice, E. R., & Nakagawa, S. (2013). Social exchange theory. Handbook of social psychology, 61-88.

Dalton, L., Rapa, E., Ziebland, S., Rochat, T., Kelly, B., Hanington, L., ... & Richter, L. (2019). Communication with children and adolescents about the diagnosis of a life-threatening condition in their parent. The Lancet, 393(10176), 1164-1176.

Decety, J. (2020). Empathy in medicine: what it is, and how much we really need it. The American journal of medicine, 133(5), 561-566.

Derksen, F., Bensing, J., & Lagro-Janssen, A. (2013). Effectiveness of empathy in general practice: a systematic review. British journal of general practice, 63(606), e76-e84.

Dyer, N., Sorra, J. S., Smith, S. A., Cleary, P. D., & Hays, R. D. (2012). Psychometric properties of the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS®) clinician and group adult visit survey. Medical care, 50, S28-S34.

Fusco, N., Bernard, F., Roelants, F., Watremez, C., Musellec, H., Laviolle, B., . . . Boulon, N. (2020). Hypnosis and communication reduce pain and anxiety in peripheral intravenous cannulation: Effect of Language and Confusion on Pain During Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization (KTHYPE), a multicentre randomised trial. British journal of anaesthesia, 124(3), 292-298.

Georgopoulou, S., Nel, L., Sangle, S. R., & D’Cruz, D. P. (2020). Physician–patient interaction and medication adherence in lupus nephritis. Lupus, 29(10), 1168-1178.

Gertsman, S., Ene, I. C., Palmert, S., Liu, A., Makkar, M., Shao, I., . . . Williams, C. (2023). Clinical empathy as perceived by patients with chronic illness in Canada: a qualitative focus group study. Canadian Medical Association Open Access Journal, 11(5), E859-E868.

Gleichgerrcht, E., & Decety, J. (2013). Empathy in clinical practice: how individual dispositions, gender, and experience moderate empathic concern, burnout, and emotional distress in physicians. Plos one, 8(4), e61526.

Hamine, S., Gerth-Guyette, E., Faulx, D., Green, B. B., & Ginsburg, A. S. (2015). Impact of mHealth chronic disease management on treatment adherence and patient outcomes: a systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research, 17(2), e52.

Hong, H., & Oh, H. J. (2019). The effects of patient-centered communication: exploring the mediating role of trust in healthcare providers. Health communication.

Kim, C. E., Shin, J. S., Lee, J., Lee, Y. J., Kim, M. R., Choi, A., ... & Ha, I. H. (2017). Quality of medical service, patient satisfaction and loyalty with a focus on interpersonal-based medical service encounters and treatment effectiveness: a cross-sectional multicenter study of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) hospitals. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 17(1), 1-12.

Kurtz, S. M. (2002). Doctor-patient communication: principles and practices. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 29(S2), S23-S29.

Lee, M., & Ihm, J. (2021). Empathy and attitude toward communication skill learning as a predictor of patient-centered attitude: a cross-sectional study of dental students in Korea. BMC medical education, 21(1), 1-11.

Licciardone, J. C., Ganta, S., Goehring, L., Wallace, K., & Pu, R. (2022). Analysis of the patient-physician relationship, race, and pain control and physical function among adults with chronic low back pain. JAMA Network Open, 5(6), e2216270-e2216270.

Makoul, G., & van Dulmen, S. (2015). What is effective doctor–patient communication? Review of the evidence. Clinical communication in medicine, 30-39.

Manary, M. P., Boulding, W., Staelin, R., & Glickman, S. W. (2013). The patient experience and health outcomes. The New England journal of medicine.

McDonald, H. P., Garg, A. X., & Haynes, R. B. (2002). Interventions to enhance patient adherence to medication prescriptions: scientific review. Jama, 288(22), 2868-2879.

O'Neill, A., Hughes, C., McClure, P., Rainey, C., McLaughlin, L., & McFadden, S. (2023). Patient engagement with radiation therapists: Patient perspectives, challenges, and opportunities. A systematic review. Radiography.

Peng, Y., Yin, P., Deng, Z., & Wang, R. (2020). Patient–physician interaction and trust in online health community: the role of perceived usefulness of health information and services. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 139.

Petrocchi, S., Iannello, P., Lecciso, F., Levante, A., Antonietti, A., & Schulz, P. (2019). Interpersonal trust in doctor-patient relation: Evidence from dyadic analysis and association with quality of dyadic communication. Social science & medicine, 235, 112391.

Raju, S. A., Ching, H. L., Jalal, M., Lau, M. S., Rej, A., Tai, F. D., ... & Sanders, D. S. (2022). Does reverse mentoring work in the NHS: a feasibility study of clinicians in practice. BMJ open, 12(11), e062361.

Ralston, K. A., Hauser, B., Paskins, Z., & Ralston, S. H. (2022). Effective communication and the osteoporosis care gap. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 37(11), 2049-2054.

Saba, G. W., Wong, S. T., Schillinger, D., Fernandez, A., Somkin, C. P., Wilson, C. C., & Grumbach, K. (2006). Shared decision making and the experience of partnership in primary care. The Annals of Family Medicine, 4(1), 54-62.

Shan, L., Li, Y., Ding, D., Wu, Q., Liu, C., Jiao, M., . . . Hao, J. (2016). Patient satisfaction with hospital inpatient care: effects of trust, medical insurance and perceived quality of care. Plos one, 11(10), e0164366.

Shi, M., & Du, T. (2020). Associations of emotional intelligence and gratitude with empathy in medical students. BMC medical education, 20(1), 1-8.

Smith, D. R., Dolk, F. C. K., Pouwels, K. B., Christie, M., Robotham, J. V., & Smieszek, T. (2018). Defining the appropriateness and inappropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in primary care. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 73(suppl_2), ii11-ii18.

Sobierajski, T., Rzymski, P., Małecka, I., & Augustynowicz, E. (2023). Trust in Physicians in the Context of HPV Vaccination of Children from the Perspective of Social Exchange Theory: A Representative Study of Polish Parents. Vaccines, 11(10), 1618.

Spring, B. (2007). Evidence‐based practice in clinical psychology: What it is, why it matters; what you need to know. Journal of clinical psychology, 63(7), 611-631.

Street Jr, R. L., Makoul, G., Arora, N. K., & Epstein, R. M. (2009). How does communication heal? Pathways linking clinician–patient communication to health outcomes. Patient education and counseling, 74(3), 295-301.

Szeverenyi, C., Kekecs, Z., Johnson, A., Elkins, G., Csernatony, Z., & Varga, K. (2018). The use of adjunct psychosocial interventions can decrease postoperative pain and improve the quality of clinical care in orthopedic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The Journal of Pain, 19(11), 1231-1252.

Tan, L., Le, M. K., Yu, C. C., Liaw, S. Y., Tierney, T., Ho, Y. Y., . . . Ngeow, C. (2021). Defining clinical empathy: a grounded theory approach from the perspective of healthcare workers and patients in a multicultural setting. BMJ open, 11(9), e045224.

Tan, S. S.-L., & Goonawardene, N. (2017). Internet health information seeking and the patient-physician relationship: a systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research, 19(1), e9.

Torres, E., Vasquez-Parraga, A. Z., & Barra, C. (2009). The path of patient loyalty and the role of doctor reputation. Health marketing quarterly, 26(3), 183-197.

Van der Velden, A., Bell, J., Sessa, A., Duerden, M., & Altiner, A. (2013). Sore throat: effective communication delivers improved diagnosis, enhanced self‐care and more rational use of antibiotics. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 67, 10-16.

Vaughn, V. M., Flanders, S. A., Snyder, A., Conlon, A., Rogers, M. A., Malani, A. N., . . . Nagel, J. (2019). Excess antibiotic treatment duration and adverse events in patients hospitalized with pneumonia: a multihospital cohort study. Annals of internal medicine, 171(3), 153-163.

Wanzer, M. B., Booth-Butterfield, M., & Gruber, K. (2004). Perceptions of health care providers' communication: relationships between patient-centered communication and satisfaction. Health communication, 16(3), 363-384.

Ward, P. (2018). Trust and communication in a doctor-patient relationship: a literature review. Arch Med, 3(3), 36.

Wong, E., Mavondo, F., & Fisher, J. (2020). Patient feedback to improve quality of patient-centred care in public hospitals: a systematic review of the evidence. BMC health services research, 20, 1-17.

Wu, Q., Jin, Z., & Wang, P. (2022). The relationship between the physician-patient relationship, physician empathy, and patient trust. Journal of general internal medicine, 37(6), 1388-1393.

Zgierska, A., Rabago, D., & Miller, M. M. (2014). Impact of patient satisfaction ratings on physicians and clinical care. Patient preference and adherence, 437-446.