Assessing the Efficacy of Methods for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v13i1.6275Keywords:
Depression, Treatment-Resistant Depression, TRD, ECT, Electroconvulsive Therapy, TMS, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, EsketamineAbstract
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), and Esketamine have all been proven to be effective against treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, it is still unclear which method of treatment is the most effective both in general and in specific populations of patients exhibiting certain traits (i.e. psychosis) or with varied severities of TRD. ECT is the oldest form of treatment and has been proven effective, though not without significant side effects. TMS has also been shown to be effective, but without the side effects of ECT. Esketamine is the newest form of treatment for TRD, only having been approved by the FDA in 2019. Although current research demonstrates its efficacy, little research has been done on this modality because of its novelty. Trials from 2000-2019 were searched for and utilized to examine the efficacy of these three treatments in comparison to each other. The most recent and relevant studies were chosen. Studies completed before 2000 or utilizing patients without qualifying criteria for TRD were not included in our review. The data analyzed suggest that ECT is the most effective form of treatment overall, but TMS is noninferior in nonpsychotic patients and esketamine is effective for patients with TRD and no other chronic comorbidities.
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