Exploration of Health Trends: Are systematic injustice and disparities causing unequal consequences?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v13i1.6063Keywords:
Structural violence, Addiction, disparities, Systematic injustice, Substance use, Education, accessAbstract
While most of the world holds a heavy dependence on drug use, addiction affects society’s most vulnerable in an unbalanced manner. Although addicts are dismissed for not taking advantage of resources around them to succeed, it is not widely known how disadvantaged communities are predisposed to fail in the United States from the very moment they are born. America possesses deep, horrifying roots of systematic injustice concerning substance use, seen evidently during the crack cocaine epidemic. It is a common notion that substance addictions lead to one being impoverished; however, historical lack of opportunities and no education leads to poverty, which in turn will lead to addiction. Prevalent mental health illnesses can be associated with drug use used for coping mechanisms when individuals are presented with a lack of better alternatives or education. Creating more accessible resources and education to those who are struggling is one of the first steps in correcting existing disparities caused by historical injustices. Minorities are found to disproportionately have worse mental and physical health, a trend mirrored by history. New models of proactive care have to be implemented to address the growing health gap in our country to prevent the growing problem, most importantly at a young age before individuals follow the trend of society which predetermined some to live unhealthier lives based on social conditions.
Downloads
References or Bibliography
References
Bezrutczyk, D. (2019). How Much Do Drugs Cost: The Steep Price of Addiction - Addiction Center. AddictionCenter. https://www.addictioncenter.com/drugs/how-much-do-drugs-cost/.
Chappell, A. T., & Maggard, S. R. (2007). Applying Black’s Theory of Law to Crack and Cocaine Dispositions. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 51(3), 264–278. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624x06293601.
D’Amico, E. J., Tucker, J. S., Miles, J. N. V., Zhou, A. J., Shih, R. A., & Green, H. D. (2012). Preventing Alcohol Use with a Voluntary After-School Program for Middle School Students: Results from a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of CHOICE. Prevention Science, 13(4), 415–425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-011-0269-7.
Gao, C. X., Filia, K. M., Bedi, G., Menssink, J. M., Brown, E., Rickwood, D. J., Parker, A. G., Hetrick, S. E., Herrman, H., Hickie, I., Telford, N., McGorry, P. D., & Cotton, S. M. (2023). Understanding the complexity, patterns, and correlates of alcohol and other substance use among young people seeking help for mental ill-health. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-023-02444-w.
Grinspoon, P. (2021, September 28). Poverty, homelessness, and social stigma make addiction more deadly. Harvard Health. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/poverty-homelessness-and-social-stigma-make-addiction-more-deadly-202109282602.
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Capitalizing on Social Science and Behavioral Research to Improve the Public's Health, Smedley, B. D., & S. Leonard Syme. (2010). Understanding and Reducing Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health. Nih.gov; National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222826/.
Keeler, C., Max, W., Yerger, V., Yao, T., Ong, M. K., & Sung, H.-Y. (2016). The Association of Menthol Cigarette Use With Quit Attempts, Successful Cessation, and Intention to Quit Across Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, ntw215. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw215.
Knaak, S., Mantler, E., & Szeto, A. (2017). Mental illness-related stigma in healthcare. Healthcare Management Forum, 30(2), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0840470416679413.
Lee, H., & Singh, G. K. (2021). Monthly Trends in Access to Care and Mental Health Services by Household Income Level During the COVID-19 Pandemic, United States, April: December 2020. Health Equity, 5(1), 770–779. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2021.0036.
Lo, C. C., & Cheng, T. C. (2014). Race, unemployment rate, and chronic mental illness: a 15-year trend analysis. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(7), 1119–1128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0844-x.
McKnight-Eily, L. R. (2021). Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Prevalence of Stress and Worry, Mental Health Conditions, and Increased Substance Use Among Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, April and May 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 70(5). https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7005a3.
Olfson, M., Wall, M., Barry, C. L., Mauro, C., & Mojtabai, R. (2018). Impact Of Medicaid Expansion On Coverage And Treatment Of Low-Income Adults With Substance Use Disorders. Health Affairs, 37(8), 1208–1215. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0124.
Pear, V. A., Ponicki, W. R., Gaidus, A., Keyes, K. M., Martins, S. S., Fink, D. S., Rivera-Aguirre, A., Gruenewald, P. J., & Cerdá, M. (2019). Urban-rural variation in the socioeconomic determinants of opioid overdose. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 195(1), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.024.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Sarah Mukkuzhi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright holder(s) granted JSR a perpetual, non-exclusive license to distriute & display this article.