An Investigation of the Influence of the Fall Line on Tornado Occurrence in the Southeast United States

Abstract

Tornadoes, highly destructive natural phenomena, cause substantial damage and loss of life annually. This study investigates a peculiar trend: the clustering of tornadoes near the geological fall line in the Southeastern US, focusing on Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. Utilizing geospatial analysis and NOAA data from 2012 onwards, the research examines the correlation between tornado occurrence and the fall line's position. The analysis reveals a noteworthy pattern: around 32.657% of tornadoes occurred within the fall line region (FLR), a proportion significantly higher than expected by chance (p-value = 0.0732). While the correlation is modest, it holds statistical significance. The study underscores the need for heightened vigilance, protection, and public education in FLR areas, particularly in socio-economically challenged zones such as the "Black Belt." Additionally, the paper proposes future research avenues, including expanding analysis to varied terrains and historical periods. The findings underscore the importance of considering geographical factors for accurate tornado risk assessment and preparedness. By enhancing our understanding of tornado patterns, this study contributes to fortifying vulnerable communities and refining disaster management strategies.