Adolescent refractory anxiety disorders rising: Gut microbiota-associated metabolites to the rescue?

Akbari, M., Roshan, R., Shabani, A., Fata, L., Reza Shairi, M., & Zarghami, F. (2015). Transdiagnostic Treatment of Co-occurrence of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders based on Repetitive Negative Thinking: A Case Series. In Iranian J Psychiatry (Vol. 10).

Al-Harbi, K. S. (2012). Treatment-resistant depression: Therapeutic trends, challenges, and future directions. In Patient Preference and Adherence (Vol. 6, pp. 369–388). https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S29716

Ansara, E. D. (2020). Management of treatment-resistant generalized anxiety disorder. Mental Health Clinician, 10(6), 326–334. https://doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2020.11.326

Bailey, M. T., Dowd, S. E., Galley, J. D., Hufnagle, A. R., Allen, R. G., & Lyte, M. (2011). Exposure to a social stressor alters the structure of the intestinal microbiota: Implications for stressor-induced immunomodulation. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 25(3), 397–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2010.10.023

Balan, Y., Gaur, A., Sakthivadivel, V., Kamble, B., & Sundaramurthy, R. (2021). Is the Gut Microbiota a Neglected Aspect of Gut and Brain Disorders? Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.19740

Bannai, M., & Kawai, N. (2012). New therapeutic strategy for amino acid medicine: Glycine improves the quality of sleep. In Journal of Pharmacological Sciences (Vol. 118, Issue 2, pp. 145–148). Japanese Pharmacological Society. https://doi.org/10.1254/jphs.11R04FM

Barnea-Goraly, N., Menon, V., Eckert, M., Tamm, L., Bammer, R., Karchemskiy, A., Dant, C. C., & Reiss, A. L. (2005). White matter development during childhood and adolescence: A cross-sectional diffusion tensor imaging study. Cerebral Cortex, 15(12), 1848–1854. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhi062

Barrett, E., Ross, R. P., O’Toole, P. W., Fitzgerald, G. F., & Stanton, C. (2012). γ-Aminobutyric acid production by culturable bacteria from the human intestine. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 113(2), 411–417. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05344.x

Benes, F. M. (1989). Myelination of Cortical-Hippocampal Relays During Late Adolescence 585 (Vol. 15, Issue 4). https://academic.oup.com/schizophreniabulletin/article/15/4/585/1924501

Bibbò, S., Fusco, S., Ianiro, G., Settanni, C. R., Ferrarese, D., Grassi, C., Cammarota, G., & Gasbarrini, A. (2022). Gut microbiota in anxiety and depression: Pathogenesis and therapeutics. Frontiers in Gastroenterology, 1. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2022.1019578

Blakemore, S. J., & Choudhury, S. (2006). Development of the adolescent brain: Implications for executive function and social cognition. In Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines (Vol. 47, Issues 3–4, pp. 296–312). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01611.x

Bokma, W. A., Wetzer, G. A. A. M., Gehrels, J. B., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Batelaan, N. M., & van Balkom, A. L. J. M. (2019). Aligning the many definitions of treatment resistance in anxiety disorders: A systematic review. In Depression and Anxiety (Vol. 36, Issue 9, pp. 801–812). Blackwell Publishing Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22895

Bondi, C. O., Taha, A. Y., Tock, J. L., Totah, N. K. B., Cheon, Y., Torres, G. E., Rapoport, S. I., & Moghaddam, B. (2014). Adolescent behavior and dopamine availability are uniquely sensitive to dietary omega-3 fatty acid deficiency. Biological Psychiatry, 75(1), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.06.007

Borre, Y. E., O’Keeffe, G. W., Clarke, G., Stanton, C., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2014). Microbiota and neurodevelopmental windows: implications for brain disorders. In Trends in molecular medicine (Vol. 20, Issue 9, pp. 509–518). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2014.05.002

Braniste, V., Al-Asmakh, M., Kowal, C., Anuar, F., Abbaspour, A., Tóth, M., Korecka, A., Bakocevic, N., Guan, N. L., Kundu, P., Gulyás, B., Halldin, C., Hultenby, K., Nilsson, H., Hebert, H., Volpe, B. T., Diamond, B., & Pettersson, S. (2014). The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice. Science Translational Medicine, 6(263). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3009759

Bravo, J. A., Forsythe, P., Chew, M. V., Escaravage, E., Savignac, H. M., Dinan, T. G., Bienenstock, J., & Cryan, J. F. (2011). Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(38), 16050–16055. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1102999108

Brizio, A., Gabbatore, I., Tirassa, M., & Bosco, F. M. (2015). “No more a child, not yet an adult”: Studying social cognition in adolescence. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(AUG). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01011

Cai, T., Zheng, S. P., Shi, X., Yuan, L. Z., Hu, H., Zhou, B., Xiao, S. L., & Wang, F. (2022). Therapeutic effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.900652

Cardona, F., Andrés-Lacueva, C., Tulipani, S., Tinahones, F. J., & Queipo-Ortuño, M. I. (2013). Benefits of polyphenols on gut microbiota and implications in human health. In Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry (Vol. 24, Issue 8, pp. 1415–1422). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.05.001

Chen, Y., Xu, J., & Chen, Y. (2021a). Regulation of neurotransmitters by the gut microbiota and effects on cognition in neurological disorders. In Nutrients (Vol. 13, Issue 6). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13062099

Chen, Y., Xu, J., & Chen, Y. (2021b). Regulation of neurotransmitters by the gut microbiota and effects on cognition in neurological disorders. In Nutrients (Vol. 13, Issue 6). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13062099

Chessick, C. A., Allen, M. H., Thase, M. E., Batista Miralha da Cunha, A. A. B. C., Kapczinski, F., Silva de Lima, M., & dos Santos Souza, J. J. S. S. (2006). Azapirones for generalized anxiety disorder. In Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Vol. 2006, Issue 3). John Wiley and Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006115

Chinna Meyyappan, A., Forth, E., Wallace, C. J. K., & Milev, R. (2020). Effect of fecal microbiota transplant on symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02654-5

Chiu, A., Falk, A., & Walkup, J. T. (2016). Anxiety Disorders Among Children and Adolescents. FOCUS, 14(1), 26–33. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.20150029

Choi, T. Y., Choi, Y. P., & Koo, J. W. (2020). Mental disorders linked to crosstalk between the gut microbiome and the brain. In Experimental Neurobiology (Vol. 29, Issue 6, pp. 403–416). Korean Society for Neurodegenerative Disease. https://doi.org/10.5607/EN20047

Chubar, V., Van Leeuwen, K., Bijttebier, P., Van Assche, E., Bosmans, G., Van den Noortgate, W., van Winkel, R., Goossens, L., & Claes, S. (2020). Gene–environment interaction: New insights into perceived parenting and social anxiety among adolescents. European Psychiatry, 63(1). https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.62

Clapp, M., Aurora, N., Herrera, L., Bhatia, M., Wilen, E., & Wakefield, S. (2017a). Gut Microbiota’s Effect on Mental Health: The Gut-Brain Axis. Clinics and Practice, 7(4), 987. https://doi.org/10.4081/cp.2017.987

Clapp, M., Aurora, N., Herrera, L., Bhatia, M., Wilen, E., & Wakefield, S. (2017b). Gut Microbiota’s Effect on Mental Health: The Gut-Brain Axis. Clinics and Practice, 7(4), 987. https://doi.org/10.4081/cp.2017.987

Cohen Kadosh, K., Basso, M., Knytl, P., Johnstone, N., Lau, J. Y. F., & Gibson, G. R. (2021). Psychobiotic interventions for anxiety in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis, with youth consultation. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01422-7

Cortese, B. M., & Phan, K. L. (2005). The role of glutamate in anxiety and related disorders. In CNS Spectrums (Vol. 10, Issue 10, pp. 820–830). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852900010427

Costantini, L., Molinari, R., Farinon, B., & Merendino, N. (2017). Impact of omega-3 fatty acids on the gut microbiota. In International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Vol. 18, Issue 12). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18122645

Crone, E. A., & Dahl, R. E. (2012). Understanding adolescence as a period of social-affective engagement and goal flexibility. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(9), 636–650. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3313

Cruz-Pereira, J. S., Rea, K., Nolan, Y. M., O’leary, O. F., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2019). Depression’s Unholy Trinity: Dysregulated Stress, Immunity, and the Microbiome. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122216

Cryan, J. F. (2016). Stress and the microbiota-gut-brain axis: An evolving concept in psychiatry. In Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (Vol. 61, Issue 4, pp. 201–203). SAGE Publications Inc. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743716635538

Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G. (2012). Mind-altering microorganisms: The impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour. In Nature Reviews Neuroscience (Vol. 13, Issue 10, pp. 701–712). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3346

Cuijpers, P., Miguel, C., Ciharova, M., Ebert, D., Harrer, M., & Karyotaki, E. (2023). Transdiagnostic treatment of depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291722003841

D’Brant, J. (2014). GMOs, Gut Flora, the Shikimate Pathway and Cytochrome Dysregulation. Nutritional Perspectives: Journal of the Council on Nutrition, 37(1).

De Vadder, F., Kovatcheva-Datchary, P., Goncalves, D., Vinera, J., Zitoun, C., Duchampt, A., Bäckhed, F., & Mithieux, G. (2014). Microbiota-generated metabolites promote metabolic benefits via gut-brain neural circuits. Cell, 156(1–2), 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.016

DeCastro, M., Nankova, B. B., Shah, P., Patel, P., Mally, P. V., Mishra, R., & La Gamma, E. F. (2005). Short chain fatty acids regulate tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression through a cAMP-dependent signaling pathway. Molecular Brain Research, 142(1), 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molbrainres.2005.09.002

Desai, M. S., Seekatz, A. M., Koropatkin, N. M., Kamada, N., Hickey, C. A., Wolter, M., Pudlo, N. A., Kitamoto, S., Terrapon, N., Muller, A., Young, V. B., Henrissat, B., Wilmes, P., Stappenbeck, T. S., Núñez, G., & Martens, E. C. (2016). A Dietary Fiber-Deprived Gut Microbiota Degrades the Colonic Mucus Barrier and Enhances Pathogen Susceptibility. Cell, 167(5), 1339-1353.e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.043

Desbonnet, L., Clarke, G., Traplin, A., O’Sullivan, O., Crispie, F., Moloney, R. D., Cotter, P. D., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2015). Gut microbiota depletion from early adolescence in mice: Implications for brain and behaviour. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 48, 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2015.04.004

Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2012). Regulation of the stress response by the gut microbiota: Implications for psychoneuroendocrinology. In Psychoneuroendocrinology (Vol. 37, Issue 9, pp. 1369–1378). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.007

Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2013). Melancholic microbes: A link between gut microbiota and depression? In Neurogastroenterology and Motility (Vol. 25, Issue 9, pp. 713–719). https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12198

Doll, J. P. K., Vázquez-Castellanos, J. F., Schaub, A. C., Schweinfurth, N., Kettelhack, C., Schneider, E., Yamanbaeva, G., Mählmann, L., Brand, S., Beglinger, C., Borgwardt, S., Raes, J., Schmidt, A., & Lang, U. E. (2022). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) as an Adjunctive Therapy for Depression—Case Report. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.815422

Du, Y., Gao, X. R., Peng, L., & Ge, J. F. (2020). Crosstalk between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and depression. In Heliyon (Vol. 6, Issue 6). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04097

Eiland, L., & Romeo, R. D. (2013). Stress and the developing adolescent brain. In Neuroscience (Vol. 249, pp. 162–171). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.10.048

Erny, D., De Angelis, A. L. H., Jaitin, D., Wieghofer, P., Staszewski, O., David, E., Keren-Shaul, H., Mahlakoiv, T., Jakobshagen, K., Buch, T., Schwierzeck, V., Utermöhlen, O., Chun, E., Garrett, W. S., Mccoy, K. D., Diefenbach, A., Staeheli, P., Stecher, B., Amit, I., & Prinz, M. (2015). Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS. Nature Neuroscience, 18(7), 965–977. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4030

Evrensel, A., Ünsalver, B. Ö., & Ceylan, M. E. (2020). Neuroinflammation, gut-brain axis and depression. In Psychiatry Investigation (Vol. 17, Issue 1, pp. 2–8). Korean Neuropsychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2019.08.09

Fan, Y., & Pedersen, O. (2021). Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. In Nature Reviews Microbiology (Vol. 19, Issue 1, pp. 55–71). Nature Research. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-0433-9

Fisk, J., Khalid, S., Reynolds, S. A., & Williams, C. M. (2020). Effect of 4 weeks daily wild blueberry supplementation on symptoms of depression in adolescents. British Journal of Nutrition, 124(2), 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520000926

Flint, H. J., Scott, K. P., Louis, P., & Duncan, S. H. (2012). The role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health. In Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Vol. 9, Issue 10, pp. 577–589). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2012.156

Foster, J. A., & McVey Neufeld, K. A. (2013). Gut-brain axis: How the microbiome influences anxiety and depression. In Trends in Neurosciences (Vol. 36, Issue 5, pp. 305–312). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2013.01.005

Foster, J. A., Rinaman, L., & Cryan, J. F. (2017a). Stress & the gut-brain axis: Regulation by the microbiome. In Neurobiology of Stress (Vol. 7, pp. 124–136). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.03.001

Foster, J. A., Rinaman, L., & Cryan, J. F. (2017b). Stress & the gut-brain axis: Regulation by the microbiome. In Neurobiology of Stress (Vol. 7, pp. 124–136). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.03.001

Frankiensztajn, L. M., Elliott, E., & Koren, O. (2020a). The microbiota and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, implications for anxiety and stress disorders. In Current Opinion in Neurobiology (Vol. 62, pp. 76–82). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2019.12.003

Frankiensztajn, L. M., Elliott, E., & Koren, O. (2020b). The microbiota and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, implications for anxiety and stress disorders. In Current Opinion in Neurobiology (Vol. 62, pp. 76–82). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2019.12.003

Freed, R. D., Mehra, L. M., Laor, D., Patel, M., Alonso, C. M., Kim-Schulze, S., & Gabbay, V. (2019). Anhedonia as a clinical correlate of inflammation in adolescents across psychiatric conditions. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 20(9), 712–722. https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2018.1482000

Fröhlich, E., & Wahl, R. (2019). Microbiota and Thyroid Interaction in Health and Disease. In Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (Vol. 30, Issue 8, pp. 479–490). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2019.05.008

Fukumoto, S., Tatewaki, M., Yamada, T., Fujimiya, M., Mantyh, C., Voss, M., Eubanks, S., Harris, M., Pappas, T. N., Takahashi, T., & Pap-pas, T. N. (2003). Short-chain fatty acids stimulate colonic transit via intraluminal 5-HT release in rats. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00442.2002.-We

Garakani, A., Freire, R. C., Buono, F. D., Thom, R. P., Larkin, K., Funaro, M. C., Salehi, M., & Perez-Rodriguez, M. M. (2022). An umbrella review on the use of antipsychotics in anxiety disorders: A registered report protocol. PLoS ONE, 17(6 June). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269772

Garakani, A., Murrough, J. W., Freire, R. C., Thom, R. P., Larkin, K., Buono, F. D., & Iosifescu, D. V. (2020a). Pharmacotherapy of Anxiety Disorders: Current and Emerging Treatment Options. In Frontiers in Psychiatry (Vol. 11). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.595584

Garakani, A., Murrough, J. W., Freire, R. C., Thom, R. P., Larkin, K., Buono, F. D., & Iosifescu, D. V. (2020b). Pharmacotherapy of Anxiety Disorders: Current and Emerging Treatment Options. In Frontiers in Psychiatry (Vol. 11). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.595584

Gardner, M., & Steinberg, L. (2005). Peer influence on risk taking, risk preference, and risky decision making in adolescence and adulthood: An experimental study. Developmental Psychology, 41(4), 625–635. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.4.625

Giedd, J. N. (2009). Linking Adolescent Sleep, Brain Maturation, and Behavior. In Journal of Adolescent Health (Vol. 45, Issue 4, pp. 319–320). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.07.007

Giedd, J. N., Blumenthal, J., Jeffries, N. O., Castellanos, F. X., Liu, H., Zijdenbos, A., Evans, A. C., & Rapoport, J. L. (1999). Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study. In J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr (Vol. 51, Issue 2). Plenum. http://neurosci.nature.com

Giedd, J. N., Snell, J. W., Lange, N., Rajapakse, J. C., Casey, B. J., Kozuch, P. L., Vaituzis, A. C., Vauss, Y. C., Hamburger, S. D., Kaysen, D., & Rapoport, J. L. (n.d.). Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Human Brain Development: Ages 4-18. https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/6/4/551/309869

Giorgio, A., Watkins, K. E., Chadwick, M., James, S., Winmill, L., Douaud, G., De Stefano, N., Matthews, P. M., Smith, S. M., Johansen-Berg, H., & James, A. C. (2010). Longitudinal changes in grey and white matter during adolescence. NeuroImage, 49(1), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.003

Giovanni B. Cassano, M. (2022). Psychopharmacology of anxiety disorders. Dialogues Clin Neurosci, 4(3), 271–285. https://doi.org/doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2002.4.3/gcassano

Goddings, A. L., Mills, K. L., Clasen, L. S., Giedd, J. N., Viner, R. M., & Blakemore, S. J. (2014). The influence of puberty on subcortical brain development. NeuroImage, 88, 242–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.073

Gu, Q., & Li, P. (2016). Biosynthesis of Vitamins by Probiotic Bacteria. In Probiotics and Prebiotics in Human Nutrition and Health. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/63117

Gupta, S., Allen-Vercoe, E., & Petrof, E. O. (2016). Fecal microbiota transplantation: In perspective. In Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology (Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp. 229–239). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756283X15607414

Halaweish, H. F., Boatman, S., & Staley, C. (2022). Encapsulated Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Development, Efficacy, and Clinical Application. In Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology (Vol. 12). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.826114

Hao, S., Yang, S., Zhang, N., & Cheng, H. (2023). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Research over the Past Decade: Current Status and Trends. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6981721

Heijtz, R. D., Wang, S., Anuar, F., Qian, Y., Björkholm, B., Samuelsson, A., Hibberd, M. L., Forssberg, H., & Pettersson, S. (2011). Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(7), 3047–3052. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010529108

Helton, S. G., & Lohoff, F. W. (2015). Serotonin pathway polymorphisms and the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. In Pharmacogenomics (Vol. 16, Issue 5, pp. 541–553). Future Medicine Ltd. https://doi.org/10.2217/pgs.15.15

Herpers, P. C. M., Neumann, J. E. C., & Staal, W. G. (2021). Treatment Refractory Internalizing Behaviour Across Disorders: An Aetiological Model for Severe Emotion Dysregulation in Adolescence. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 52(3), 515–532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01036-y

Hershenberg, R., Gros, D. F., & Brawman-Mintzer, O. (2014). Role of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. In CNS Drugs (Vol. 28, Issue 6, pp. 519–533). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-014-0162-6

Hillemacher, T., Bachmann, O., Kahl, K. G., & Frieling, H. (2018). Alcohol, microbiome, and their effect on psychiatric disorders. In Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (Vol. 85, pp. 105–115). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.04.015

Hooks, K. B., Konsman, J. P., & O’Malley, M. A. (2020). Microbiota-gut-brain research: A critical analysis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 42. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X18002133

Huang, C., Meng, D., Li, Y., Lu, S., Yang, W., Wu, B., Chen, S., Yang, Z., & Liu, H. (2023). Gut microbiota composition alteration analysis and functional categorization in children with growth hormone deficiency. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2023.1133258

Huang, F., & Wu, X. (2021). Brain Neurotransmitter Modulation by Gut Microbiota in Anxiety and Depression. In Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology (Vol. 9). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.649103

Huang, H., Xu, H., Luo, Q., He, J., Li, M., Chen, H., Tang, W., Nie, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2019). Fecal microbiota transplantation to treat Parkinson’s disease with constipation: A case report. Medicine (United States), 98(26). https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016163

Huo, R., Zeng, B., Zeng, L., Cheng, K., Li, B., Luo, Y., Wang, H., Zhou, C., Fang, L., Li, W., Niu, R., Wei, H., & Xie, P. (2017). Microbiota modulate anxiety-like behavior and endocrine abnormalities in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 7(NOV). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00489

Inagawa, K., Hiraoka, T., Kohda, T., Yamadera, W., & Takahashi, M. (2006). Subjective effects of glycine ingestion before bedtime on sleep quality. Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 4(1), 75–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8425.2006.00193.x

Izuno, S., Yoshihara, K., & Sudo, N. (2021). Role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders: Evidence from neuroimaging studies. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 77, 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1159/000517420

Janik, R., Thomason, L. A. M., Stanisz, A. M., Forsythe, P., Bienenstock, J., & Stanisz, G. J. (2016). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals oral Lactobacillus promotion of increases in brain GABA, N-acetyl aspartate and glutamate. NeuroImage, 125, 988–995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.018

Jaworska, N., & MacQueen, G. (2015). Adolescence as a unique developmental period. In Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (Vol. 40, Issue 5, pp. 291–293). Canadian Medical Association. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.150268

Jensen, E. A., Young, J. A., Mathes, S. C., List, E. O., Carroll, R. K., Kuhn, J., Onusko, M., Kopchick, J. J., Murphy, E. R., & Berryman, D. E. (2020). Crosstalk between the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis and the gut microbiome: A new frontier for microbial endocrinology. In Growth Hormone and IGF Research (Vols. 53–54). Churchill Livingstone. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ghir.2020.101333

Kassam, Z., Lee, C. H., Yuan, Y., & Hunt, R. H. (2013). Fecal microbiota transplantation for clostridium difficile infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis. In American Journal of Gastroenterology (Vol. 108, Issue 4, pp. 500–508). https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.59

Kelly, J. R., Kennedy, P. J., Cryan, J. F., Dinan, T. G., Clarke, G., & Hyland, N. P. (2015). Breaking down the barriers: The gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and stress-related psychiatric disorders. In Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience (Vol. 9, Issue OCT). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00392

Kennedy, D. O. (2016). B vitamins and the brain: Mechanisms, dose and efficacy—A review. In Nutrients (Vol. 8, Issue 2). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8020068

Keshavan, M. S., Giedd, J., Lau, J. Y. F., Lewis, D. A., & Paus, T. (2014). Changes in the adolescent brain and the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders. In The Lancet Psychiatry (Vol. 1, Issue 7, pp. 549–558). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00081-9

Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Belury, M. A., Andridge, R., Malarkey, W. B., & Glaser, R. (2011). Omega-3 supplementation lowers inflammation and anxiety in medical students: A randomized controlled trial. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 25(8), 1725–1734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.229

Knezevic, J., Starchl, C., Berisha, A. T., & Amrein, K. (2020). Thyroid-gut-axis: How does the microbiota influence thyroid function? In Nutrients (Vol. 12, Issue 6, pp. 1–16). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061769

Kociszewska, D., & Vlajkovic, S. M. (2022). The Association of Inflammatory Gut Diseases with Neuroinflammatory and Auditory Disorders. In Frontiers in Bioscience - Elite (Vol. 14, Issue 2). Bioscience Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1402008

Kodish, I. , R. C. & V. C. (2011). Pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci., 13, 439–452.

Koh, A., De Vadder, F., Kovatcheva-Datchary, P., & Bäckhed, F. (2016). From dietary fiber to host physiology: Short-chain fatty acids as key bacterial metabolites. In Cell (Vol. 165, Issue 6, pp. 1332–1345). Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.041

Konrad, K., Firk, C., & Uhlhaas, P. J. (2013). Brain development during adolescence. In Deutsches Arzteblatt International (Vol. 110, Issue 25, pp. 425–431). Deutscher Arzte-Verlag GmbH. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2013.0425

Kupcova, I., Danisovic, L., Grgac, I., & Harsanyi, S. (2022). Anxiety and Depression: What Do We Know of Neuropeptides? In Behavioral Sciences (Vol. 12, Issue 8). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12080262

Kwong, A. S. F., López-López, J. A., Hammerton, G., Manley, D., Timpson, N. J., Leckie, G., & Pearson, R. M. (2019). Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors Associated with Trajectories of Depression Symptoms from Adolescence to Young Adulthood. JAMA Network Open. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6587

Lagerberg, T., Fazel, S., Sjölander, A., Hellner, C., Lichtenstein, P., & Chang, Z. (2022). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and suicidal behaviour: a population-based cohort study. Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(4), 817–823. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-01179-z

Lau, J. Y. F., Gregory, A. M., Goldwin, M. A., Pine, D. S., & Eley, T. C. (2007). Assessing gene-environment interactions on anxiety symptom subtypes across childhood and adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 19(4), 1129–1146. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579407000582

Leussis, M. P., & Andersen, S. L. (2008). Is adolescence a sensitive period for depression? Behavioral and neuroanatomical findings from a social stress model. Synapse, 62(1), 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.20462

Liu, C., Yang, S. Y., Wang, L., & Zhou, F. (2022). The gut microbiome: implications for neurogenesis and neurological diseases. In Neural Regeneration Research (Vol. 17, Issue 1, pp. 53–58). Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.315227

Liu, M., Nieuwdorp, M., de Vos, W. M., & Rampanelli, E. (2022). Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism Tunes Host Immunity, Metabolism, and Extraintestinal Disorders. In Metabolites (Vol. 12, Issue 9). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090834

Longone, P., di Michele, F., D’Agati, E., Romeo, E., Pasini, A., & Rupprecht, R. (2011). Neurosteroids as neuromodulators in the treatment of anxiety disorders. In Frontiers in Endocrinology (Vol. 2, Issue OCT). https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2011.00055

Maeng, L. Y., & Beumer, A. (2023). Never fear, the gut bacteria are here: Estrogen and gut microbiome-brain axis interactions in fear extinction. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 189, 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.05.350

Malan-Muller, S., Valles-Colomer, M., Raes, J., Lowry, C. A., Seedat, S., & Hemmings, S. M. J. (2018a). The gut microbiome and mental health: Implications for anxiety- and trauma-related disorders. In OMICS A Journal of Integrative Biology (Vol. 22, Issue 2, pp. 90–107). Mary Ann Liebert Inc. https://doi.org/10.1089/omi.2017.0077

Malan-Muller, S., Valles-Colomer, M., Raes, J., Lowry, C. A., Seedat, S., & Hemmings, S. M. J. (2018b). The gut microbiome and mental health: Implications for anxiety- and trauma-related disorders. In OMICS A Journal of Integrative Biology (Vol. 22, Issue 2, pp. 90–107). Mary Ann Liebert Inc. https://doi.org/10.1089/omi.2017.0077

Marceau, K., Ruttle, P. L., Shirtcliff, E. A., Essex, M. J., & Susman, E. J. (2015). Developmental and contextual considerations for adrenal and gonadal hormone functioning during adolescence: Implications for adolescent mental health. Developmental Psychobiology, 57(6), 742–768. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.21214

McCormick, C. M., & Mathews, I. Z. (2007). HPA function in adolescence: Role of sex hormones in its regulation and the enduring consequences of exposure to stressors. In Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (Vol. 86, Issue 2, pp. 220–233). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2006.07.012

McVey Neufeld, K. A., Luczynski, P., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2016). Reframing the teenage wasteland: Adolescent microbiota-gut-brain axis. In Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (Vol. 61, Issue 4, pp. 214–221). SAGE Publications Inc. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743716635536

McVey Neufeld, K. A., Luczynski, P., Seira Oriach, C., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2016). What’s bugging your teen?—The microbiota and adolescent mental health. In Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (Vol. 70, pp. 300–312). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.005

Milaneschi, Y., Hoogendijk, W., Lips, P., Heijboer, A. C., Schoevers, R., Van Hemert, A. M., Beekman, A. T. F., Smit, J. H., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2014). The association between low vitamin D and depressive disorders. Molecular Psychiatry, 19(4), 444–451. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2013.36

Misiak, B., Łoniewski, I., Marlicz, W., Frydecka, D., Szulc, A., Rudzki, L., & Samochowiec, J. (2020). The HPA axis dysregulation in severe mental illness: Can we shift the blame to gut microbiota? In Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (Vol. 102). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109951

Murciano‐brea, J., Garcia‐montes, M., Geuna, S., & Herrera‐rincon, C. (2021). Gut microbiota and neuroplasticity. In Cells (Vol. 10, Issue 8). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10082084

Nasir, M., Trujillo, D., Levine, J., Dwyer, J. B., Rupp, Z. W., & Bloch, M. H. (2020). Glutamate Systems in DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders: Their Role and a Review of Glutamate and GABA Psychopharmacology. In Frontiers in Psychiatry (Vol. 11). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.548505

Norton, P. J., & Barrera, T. L. (2012). Transdiagnostic versus diagnosis-specific CBT for anxiety disorders: A preliminary randomized controlled noninferiority trial. Depression and Anxiety, 29(10), 874–882. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.21974

O’Hara, A. M., & Shanahan, F. (2006). The gut flora as a forgotten organ. In EMBO Reports (Vol. 7, Issue 7, pp. 688–693). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400731

Ollmann, T. M., Voss, C., Venz, J., Seidl, E., Hoyer, J., Kische, H., Pieper, L., Schiele, M. A., Domschke, K., & Beesdo-Baum, K. (2021). The interaction of 5-HTT variation, recent stress, and resilience on current anxiety levels in adolescents and young adults from the general population. Depression and Anxiety, 38(3), 318–327. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23101

Otto, M. W., Roy-Byrne, P. P., Coplan, J. D., Rothbaum, B. O., Simon, N. M., & Gorman, J. M. (n.d.). Mark H Novel Treatment Approaches for Refractory Anxiety Disorders.

Ozdemir, P. G., Karadag, A. S., Selvi, Y., Boysan, M., Bilgili, S. G., Aydin, A., & Onder, S. (2014). Assessment of the effects of antihistamine drugs on mood, sleep quality, sleepiness, and dream anxiety. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 18(3), 161–168. https://doi.org/10.3109/13651501.2014.907919

Paus, T., Keshavan, M., & Giedd, J. N. (2008). Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence? In Nature Reviews Neuroscience (Vol. 9, Issue 12, pp. 947–957). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2513

Porcari, S., Benech, N., Valles-Colomer, M., Segata, N., Gasbarrini, A., Cammarota, G., Sokol, H., & Ianiro, G. (2023). Key determinants of success in fecal microbiota transplantation: From microbiome to clinic. In Cell Host and Microbe (Vol. 31, Issue 5, pp. 712–733). Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2023.03.020

Reigstad, C. S., Salmonson, C. E., Rainey, J. F., Szurszewski, J. H., Linden, D. R., Sonnenburg, J. L., Farrugia, G., & Kashyap, P. C. (2015). Gut microbes promote colonic serotonin production through an effect of short-chain fatty acids on enterochromaffin cells. FASEB Journal, 29(4), 1395–1403. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.14-259598

Rogers, G. B., Keating, D. J., Young, R. L., Wong, M. L., Licinio, J., & Wesselingh, S. (2016). From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: Mechanisms and pathways. In Molecular Psychiatry (Vol. 21, Issue 6, pp. 738–748). Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.50

Romeo, R. D. (2010). Adolescence: A central event in shaping stress reactivity. Developmental Psychobiology, 52(3), 244–253. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20437

Romeo, R. D., & Romeo, R. D. (2003). Puberty: A Period of Both Organizational and Activational Effects of Steroid Hormones On Neurobehavioural Development. In Journal of Neuroendocrinology (Vol. 15).

Round, J. L., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2009). The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. In Nature Reviews Immunology (Vol. 9, Issue 5, pp. 313–323). https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2515

Roy-Byrne, P. (2015). Treatment-refractory anxiety; definition, risk factors, and treatment challenges. www.dialogues-cns.org

Rudzki, L., Stone, T. W., Maes, M., Misiak, B., Samochowiec, J., & Szulc, A. (2021). Gut microbiota-derived vitamins – underrated powers of a multipotent ally in psychiatric health and disease. In Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (Vol. 107). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110240

Savitz, J. (2017). Role of kynurenine metabolism pathway activation in major depressive disorders. In Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences (Vol. 31, pp. 249–268). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_12

Schaeuffele, C., Schulz, A., Knaevelsrud, C., Renneberg, B., & Boettcher, J. (2021). CBT at the Crossroads: The Rise of Transdiagnostic Treatments. In International Journal of Cognitive Therapy (Vol. 14, Issue 1, pp. 86–113). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-020-00095-2

Schippa, S., & Conte, M. P. (2014). Dysbiotic events in gut microbiota: Impact on human health. In Nutrients (Vol. 6, Issue 12, pp. 5786–5805). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6125786

Schmidt, K., Cowen, P. J., Harmer, C. J., Tzortzis, G., Errington, S., & Burnet, P. W. J. (2015). Prebiotic intake reduces the waking cortisol response and alters emotional bias in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology, 232(10), 1793–1801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3810-0

Sears, S. M. S., & Hewett, S. J. (2021). Influence of glutamate and GABA transport on brain excitatory/inhibitory balance. In Experimental Biology and Medicine (Vol. 246, Issue 9, pp. 1069–1083). SAGE Publications Inc. https://doi.org/10.1177/1535370221989263

Ser, H. L., Letchumanan, V., Goh, B. H., Wong, S. H., & Lee, L. H. (2021). The Use of Fecal Microbiome Transplant in Treating Human Diseases: Too Early for Poop? In Frontiers in Microbiology (Vol. 12). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.519836

Settanni, C. R., Ianiro, G., Bibbò, S., Cammarota, G., & Gasbarrini, A. (2021). Gut microbiota alteration and modulation in psychiatric disorders: Current evidence on fecal microbiota transplantation. In Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (Vol. 109). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110258

Simkin, D. R. (2019). Microbiome and Mental Health, Specifically as It Relates to Adolescents. In Current Psychiatry Reports (Vol. 21, Issue 9). Current Medicine Group LLC 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-1075-3

Simopoulos, A. P. (2002). The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. www.elsevier.com/locate/biopha

Simpson, C. A., Diaz-Arteche, C., Eliby, D., Schwartz, O. S., Simmons, J. G., & Cowan, C. S. M. (2021). The gut microbiota in anxiety and depression – A systematic review. In Clinical Psychology Review (Vol. 83). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101943

Sjöstedt, P., Enander, J., & Isung, J. (2021). Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and the Gut Microbiome: Significance of the Gut Microbiome in Relation to Mechanism of Action, Treatment Response, Side Effects, and Tachyphylaxis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.682868

Soto, M., Herzog, C., Pacheco, J. A., Fujisaka, S., Bullock, K., Clish, C. B., & Kahn, C. R. (2018). Gut microbiota modulate neurobehavior through changes in brain insulin sensitivity and metabolism. Molecular Psychiatry, 23(12), 2287–2301. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0086-5

Sovijit, W. N., Sovijit, W. E., Pu, S., Usuda, K., Inoue, R., Watanabe, G., Yamaguchi, H., & Nagaoka, K. (2021). Ovarian progesterone suppresses depression and anxiety-like behaviors by increasing the Lactobacillus population of gut microbiota in ovariectomized mice. Neuroscience Research, 168, 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2019.04.005

Sowell, E. R., Thompson, P. M., Tessner, K. D., & Toga, A. W. (2001). Mapping Continued Brain Growth and Gray Matter Density Reduction in Dorsal Frontal Cortex: Inverse Relationships during Postadolescent Brain Maturation.

Spear, L. P. (2011). Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: Emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data. In Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience (Vol. 1, Issue 4, pp. 390–403). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2011.08.001

Spear, L. P. (2013). Adolescent neurodevelopment. In Journal of Adolescent Health (Vol. 52, Issue 2 SUPPL.2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.05.006

Steenbergen, L., Sellaro, R., van Hemert, S., Bosch, J. A., & Colzato, L. S. (2015). A randomized controlled trial to test the effect of multispecies probiotics on cognitive reactivity to sad mood. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 48, 258–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2015.04.003

Stein, M. B., Schork, N. J., & Gelernter, J. (2008). Gene-by-environment (serotonin transporter and childhood maltreatment) interaction for anxiety sensitivity, an intermediate phenotype for anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology, 33(2), 312–319. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301422

Stemmelin, J., Cohen, C., Terranova, J. P., Lopez-Grancha, M., Pichat, P., Bergis, O., Decobert, M., Santucci, V., Françon, D., Alonso, R., Stahl, S. M., Keane, P., Avenet, P., Scatton, B., Le Fur, G., & Griebel, G. (2008). Stimulation of the β3-adrenoceptor as a novel treatment strategy for anxiety and depressive disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology, 33(3), 574–587. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301424

Sturman, D. A., & Moghaddam, B. (2011). The neurobiology of adolescence: Changes in brain architecture, functional dynamics, and behavioral tendencies. In Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (Vol. 35, Issue 8, pp. 1704–1712). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.04.003

Tambaro, S., & Bortolato, M. (n.d.). Cannabinoid-related agents in the treatment of anxiety disorders: current knowledge and future perspectives.

Tarikere Satyanarayana, P., Suryanarayana, R., Theophilus Yesupatham, S., Reddy, S., & Reddy, N. (2023). Is Sunshine Vitamin Related to Adolescent Depression? A Cross-Sectional Study of Vitamin D Status and Depression Among Rural Adolescents. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.34639

Taylor, A. M., & Holscher, H. D. (2020a). A review of dietary and microbial connections to depression, anxiety, and stress. In Nutritional Neuroscience (Vol. 23, Issue 3, pp. 237–250). Taylor and Francis Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2018.1493808

Taylor, A. M., & Holscher, H. D. (2020b). A review of dietary and microbial connections to depression, anxiety, and stress. In Nutritional Neuroscience (Vol. 23, Issue 3, pp. 237–250). Taylor and Francis Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2018.1493808

Unger, M. M., Spiegel, J., Dillmann, K. U., Grundmann, D., Philippeit, H., Bürmann, J., Faßbender, K., Schwiertz, A., & Schäfer, K. H. (2016). Short chain fatty acids and gut microbiota differ between patients with Parkinson’s disease and age-matched controls. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 32, 66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.08.019

Valizadeh, M., & Valizadeh, N. (2011). Obsessive compulsive disorder as early manifestation of b12 deficiency. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 33(2), 203–204. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.92051

Vijay, N., & Morris, M. E. (2014). Role of Monocarboxylate Transporters in Drug Delivery to the Brain.

Wang, X., Yu, J., & Zhang, X. (2022). Dietary Polyphenols as Prospective Natural-Compound Depression Treatment from the Perspective of Intestinal Microbiota Regulation. In Molecules (Vol. 27, Issue 21). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217637

Westfall, S., Lomis, N., Kahouli, I., Dia, S. Y., Singh, S. P., & Prakash, S. (2017). Microbiome, probiotics and neurodegenerative diseases: deciphering the gut brain axis. In Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (Vol. 74, Issue 20, pp. 3769–3787). Birkhauser Verlag AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-017-2550-9

Wiley, N. C., Dinan, T. G., Ross, R. P., Stanton, C., Clarke, G., & Cryan, J. F. (2017). The microbiota-gut-brain axis as a key regulator of neural function and the stress response: Implications for human and animal health. Journal of Animal Science, 95(7), 3225–3246. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas2016.1256

Wolosker, H., & Balu, D. T. (2020). d-Serine as the gatekeeper of NMDA receptor activity: implications for the pharmacologic management of anxiety disorders. In Translational Psychiatry (Vol. 10, Issue 1). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00870-x

Yahfoufi, N., Matar, C., & Ismail, N. (2020a). Adolescence and aging: Impact of adolescence inflammatory stress and microbiota alterations on brain development, aging, and neurodegeneration. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 75(7), 1251–1257. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa006

Yahfoufi, N., Matar, C., & Ismail, N. (2020b). Adolescence and aging: Impact of adolescence inflammatory stress and microbiota alterations on brain development, aging, and neurodegeneration. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 75(7), 1251–1257. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa006

Yamamoto, E. A., & Jørgensen, T. N. (2020). Relationships Between Vitamin D, Gut Microbiome, and Systemic Autoimmunity. In Frontiers in Immunology (Vol. 10). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.03141

Yarandi, S. S., Peterson, D. A., Treisman, G. J., Moran, T. H., & Pasricha, P. J. (2016a). Modulatory effects of gut microbiota on the central nervous system: How gut could play a role in neuropsychiatric health and diseases. In Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (Vol. 22, Issue 2, pp. 201–212). Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm15146

Yarandi, S. S., Peterson, D. A., Treisman, G. J., Moran, T. H., & Pasricha, P. J. (2016b). Modulatory effects of gut microbiota on the central nervous system: How gut could play a role in neuropsychiatric health and diseases. In Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (Vol. 22, Issue 2, pp. 201–212). Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm15146