Understanding the Role of Epigenetics in Adverse Health Outcomes

Abstract

The term epigenetics refers to a field of study that focuses on modifications to gene expression without directly altering the DNA sequence (NIH Author, 2021). The role of this research project is to investigate the role in processes such as DNA methylation and their long-term effects in producing adverse health outcomes for individuals (CDC Author, 2022). This research project also aims to investigate the environmental conditions, daily habits, and length of time which all contribute towards an epigenetic change. To encapsulate the purpose of this study, a driving question is proposed: How do changes in environmental factors such as prenatal malnutrition, smoking exposure, and psychological stress contribute to epigenetic change and subsequently, adverse health effects? Studies have found some correlation between epigenetic changes and chronic conditions such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, and depression; however, there is much to be explored to completely establish such an association (Dayah et al., 2016). Here, the research project consolidates multiple studies conducted in the realm of epigenetics to determine a cause-and-effect association between environmental factors and finally, specific health outcomes.