How Genetic and Sociocultural Factors Interact with Mental Health Disorders and Epigenetics to Predispose and Reinforce Substance Use Disorder
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i3.5095Keywords:
genetics, neuroscience, epigentics, substance use disorderAbstract
The recent drug epidemics occurring nationally and globally have called for questions of “nature vs. nurture” with regard to what predisposes for addiction. What has a more significant impact on drug risk? Biological or environmental factors? The understanding of different impacts can fundamentally change how people treat substance use disorder (SUD). However, SUD is a lot more complex and requires the interaction of many risk factors. While nature may predispose addiction, your environment must aid the predisposition to facilitate and reinforce SUD. This project will show how genetic, social, and mental health risk factors interact to cause addiction as well as how SUD is reinforced through social pressures and epigenetics. Here we review literature on the different risk factors that contribute to addiction and how they interact. Specifically, we investigate the impact of genetic factors, sociocultural influences, mental health disorders, and epigenetics on SUD. Knowing what can assist a predisposal to SUD would not only further our understanding of addiction but could also help people who struggle with SUD by reinforcing social policies and health infrastructures that help with treatment and recovery from SUD. It could also help parents protect their kids from growing up in environments that may influence them and push them to develop SUD in the future. The understanding of risk factors can lower the number of people with SUD in the future and help people currently trying to recover from SUD by interrupting addiction cycles.
Downloads
References or Bibliography
Acevedo, A., Garnick, D. W., Lee, M. T., Horgan, C. M., Ritter, G., Panas, L., Davis, S., Leeper, T., Moore, R., & Reynolds, M. (2012). Racial and ethnic differences in substance abuse treatment initiation and engagement. Journal of ethnicity in substance abuse, 11(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332640.2012.652516
Browne, C. J., Godino, A., Salery, M., & Nestler, E. J. (2020). Epigenetic Mechanisms of Opioid Addiction. Biological psychiatry, 87(1), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.06.027
Daviet, R., Aydogan, G., Jagannathan, K., Spilka, N., Koellinger, P. D., Kranzler, H. R., Nave, G., & Wetherill, R. R. (2022). Associations between alcohol consumption and gray and white matter volumes in the UK Biobank. Nature communications, 13(1), 1175. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28735-5
Dick , D., Wang, J., Plunkett, J., Aliev, F., Hinrichs, A., Bertelsen, S., Budde, J., Goldstein, E., Kaplan, D., Edenberg, H., Nurnberger, J., Hesselbrock, V., Schuckit, M., Kuperman, S., Tischfield, J., Porjesz, B., Begleiter, H., Bierut, L., & Goate, A. (2007, September 10). Family‐based association analyses of alcohol ... - wiley online library. Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00470.x
Dingle, G. A., Cruwys, T., & Frings, D. (2015). Social Identities as Pathways into and out of Addiction. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1795. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01795
Edenberg, H. J. (2007). The genetics of alcohol metabolism: Role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase variants. Alcohol research & health : the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860432/
Gamsby, J. J., Templeton, E. L., Bonvini, L. A., Wang, W., Loros, J. J., Dunlap, J. C., Green, A. I., & Gulick, D. (2013, July 15). The circadian per1 and per2 genes influence alcohol intake, reinforcement, and Blood Alcohol Levels. Behavioural Brain Research. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3672323/
González, E., Arias, F., Szerman, N., Vega, P., Mesias, B., & Basurte, I. (2019). Coexistence between personality disorders and substance use disorder. Madrid study about prevalence of dual pathology. Actas espanolas de psiquiatria, 47(6), 218–228.
Hamilton, P. J., & Nestler, E. J. (2019). Epigenetics and addiction. Current opinion in neurobiology, 59, 128–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2019.05.005
Heilig, M., MacKillop, J., Martinez, D., Rehm, J., Leggio, L., & Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J. (2021, September). Addiction as a brain disease revised: Why it still matters, and the need for consilience. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8357831/
Keen, C., Kinner, S. A., Young, J. T., Jang, K., Gan, W., Samji, H., Zhao, B., Krausz, M., & Slaunwhite, A. (2022). Prevalence of co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorder and association with overdose: a linked data cohort study among residents of British Columbia, Canada. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 117(1), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15580
Khokhar, J. Y., Dwiel, L. L., Henricks, A. M., Doucette, W. T., & Green, A. I. (2018). The link between schizophrenia and substance use disorder: A unifying hypothesis. Schizophrenia research, 194, 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.04.016
Kim, Y., Kim, K., Chartier, K. G., Wike, T. L., & McDonald, S. E. (2021). Adverse childhood experience patterns, major depressive disorder, and substance use disorder in older adults. Aging & mental health, 25(3), 484–491. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1693974
Lassi, G., Taylor, A. E., Timpson, N. J., Kenny, P. J., Mather, R. J., Eisen, T., & Munafò, M. R. (2016, December). The CHRNA5-A3-B4 gene cluster and smoking: From discovery to therapeutics. Trends in neurosciences. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5152594/
Leza, L., Siria, S., López-Goñi, J. J., & Fernández-Montalvo, J. (2021). Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use disorder (SUD): A scoping review. Drug and alcohol dependence, 221, 108563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108563
Noble, E. P. (2020, April 16). Addiction and its reward process through polymorphisms of the D2 dopamine receptor gene: A review: European psychiatry. Cambridge Core. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-psychiatry/article/abs/addiction-and-its-reward-process-through-polymorphisms-of-the-d2-dopamine-receptor-gene-a-review/D0C998A1E222D236D6523C683EEF3957
Trifilieff, P., Martinez, D. (2014, January). Imaging addiction: D2 receptors and dopamine signaling in the striatum as biomarkers for impulsivity. Neuropharmacology. Retrieved February 15, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4106030/#:~:text=Low%20D2%20receptor%20levels%20and,behavioral%20pattern%20seen%20in%20addiction .
Wei, L., Szafranski, D. D., Roberts, N., Powers, M. B., Norman, S., Leeman, R., Folstein, M., Carroll, K., Brady, K., Barrett, E., Back, S. E., Anton, R., Beck, A. T., Blake, D., Coffey, S. F., Dutra, L., Feingold, A., Foa, E., Grant, B., … Hoffman, V. (2018, November 27). Concurrent treatment of substance use disorders and PTSD using prolonged exposure: A randomized clinical trial in military veterans. Addictive Behaviors. Retrieved April 17, 2023, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460318309882?via%3Dihub
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Natalia Borodulin; Jennifer Holmberg
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright holder(s) granted JSR a perpetual, non-exclusive license to distriute & display this article.
