Artistic Comparisons of Art Forms Through The Nutcracker: Legitimizing Hip Hop

Authors

  • Edward Chen Orange County School of the Arts

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i3.4978

Keywords:

artistic comparisons, Hip Hop, Ballet, Nutcracker, Art Forms

Abstract

Hip Hop is an art form that has spanned the past few decades, imbued with rich culture, history, and movement. Yet, the art form is not as appreciated in society and in academia as art forms such as ballet. The aim of this study is to evaluate the qualitative and artistic aspects of Hip Hop and ballet to determine the success of both art forms and thereby argue for the legitimacy of Hip Hop as an art form. The comparison was analyzed through a content analysis of different versions of The Nutcracker, a highly esteemed dance production. The first phase of this study examined the development of Hip Hop and ballet, current research touching on the legitimacy of both art forms, and the development of The Nutcracker and past practices used to evaluate movement. The second phase involved the development of a rubric based on past performance evaluations to analyze a Hip Hop version and a traditional ballet version of The Nutcracker. Both versions were assessed through an online format because of the reachability of such a medium. The rubric was separated into three categories: dynamics, expressiveness, and technique, and findings showed that both dances received an overall score of 2.72 out of 3 points, with both dances falling short on different criteria in the rubric. It was concluded that the content analysis could help to advance the legitimacy of Hip Hop to match that of ballet due to the equivalent artistic successes of both art forms.  

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References or Bibliography

American Ballet Theatre. (2020, December 20). Behind the Scenes of THE NUTCRACKER. Www.youtube.com.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMXiTUCdrvI&t=42s

Azari, F. (2020). New York City Ballet Inc - Nonprofit Explorer. In ProPublica. Propublica.org.

https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/132947386

Begley, S., & Lull, J. (2014, December 24). How “The Nutcracker” Colonized American Ballet. Time.

https://time.com/3640792/nutcracker-american-history/

Boston Ballet. (2023). Boston Ballet - Read the full story: The Nutcracker - Boston Ballet. Www.bostonballet.org.

https://www.bostonballet.org/stories/the-nutcracker-synopsis/

Bunch, A. (2020). Culture Shock Dance Troupe, Inc. - GuideStar Profile. Www.guidestar.org.

https://www.guidestar.org/profile/33-0682422

Calvario, A. (2023). Roots B4 Branches: Historical Timeline of Many Dance Art Forms, Events & Orgs in the U.S.

CourseHero. https://www.coursehero.com/file/117769101/2021-ROOTS-B4-BRANCHES-Timelinepdf/

Chang, J. (2005). Can’t Stop Won’t Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation. In Google Books. Macmillan.

https://books.google.com/books/about/Can_t_Stop_Won_t_Stop.html?id=4aofRcBRvMgC

Cinch. (2022, March 8). What Would You Give Up to Live in Your Dream City? Www.cinchhomeservices.com.

https://www.cinchhomeservices.com/view-blog/-/blogs/what-would-you-give-up-to-live-in-your-dream-city

Columbia Public Health. (2019). Content Analysis. Www.publichealth.columbia.edu; Columbia University

Mailman School of Public Health.

https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/research/population-health-methods/content-analysis

Culture Shock San Diego. (2013, November 4). Kickstarter Campaign: A Culture Shock Nutcracker.

Www.youtube.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_1kYctmO3o

Glowacki, J. (2017, July 3). A Busy Ride Uptown. The New York Times.

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/02/nyregion/metropolitan-dancer-a-busy-ride-uptown.html

Hamilton, W. G. (1982). Sprained Ankles in Ballet Dancers. Foot & Ankle, 3(2), 99–102.

https://doi.org/10.1177/107110078200300208

Henn, E. D., Smith, T., Ambegaonkar, J. P., & Wyon, M. (2020). LOW BACK PAIN AND INJURY IN BALLET,

MODERN, AND HIP-HOP DANCERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. International Journal of Sports Physical

Therapy, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.26603/ijspt20200671

Hernández, J. C. (2023, April 25). The Star Choreographer Alexei Ratmansky on Russia’s Cultural War. The New

York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/25/arts/dance/alexei-ratmansky-mariinsky-pharaohs-daughter.html

Israel. (2002). The Freshest Kids: The History of the B Boy [Documentary]. In Image Entertainment.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxoWyGFSGuk

Jacobs, J. (2020, June 18). No “Nutcracker” This Year, New York City Ballet Says. The New York Times.

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/18/arts/dance/nutcracker-canceled-new-york-city-ballet-virus.html

Jutsum, R. (2016, April 25). Perceiving Dance: Examining the Foundations of American Ballet and Influence of the

Press in Establishing Today’s Perception of Dance. Butler University.

https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1357&context=ugtheses

Kasow, J. (1979). American Ballet Theatre A Chronology, 1964-1969. Dance Chronicle, 3(4).

https://www.jstor.org/stable/1567454

Khan, K., Brown, J., Way, S., Vass, N., Crichton, K., Alexander, R., Baxter, A., Butler, M., & Wark, J. (1995).

Overuse Injuries in Classical Ballet. Sports Medicine, 19(5), 341–357.

https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199519050-00004

Konie, R. (2011). A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF LABAN MOVEMENT ANALYSIS Introduction/General Thoughts.

movementhasmeaning.com.

http://psychomotorischetherapie.info/website/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/LMA-Workshop-Sheet-Laban.pdf

Kourlas, G. (2023, April 5). Finding Freedom and Feminism in Ballet. (It’s Possible.). The New York Times.

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/05/arts/dance/balanchine-feminism-ballet.html

Koutedakis, Y. (2009, January). Analysis of Dance Performance. Researchgate.net.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40024240_Analysis_of_dance_performance

Krasnow, D., & Chatfield, S. J. (2009). Development of the “Performance Competence Evaluation Measure”:

Assessing Qualitative Aspects of Dance Performance. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science, 13(4).

https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/jmrp/jdms/2009/00000013/00000004/art00002#

Kushida, M. (2019). The Nature of the Ballet and Hip-Hop Dancer Identity. Identities in Everyday Life, 49(6).

https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190873066.003.0016

Lee, C. (1999). Ballet in Western Culture: A History of its Origins and Evolution. Cambridge.org; Routledge.

https://doi.org/10.2307/20444604

Ma, J. (2015, June 2). The Evolution Of Our Global Dance Community | STEEZY Blog. Www.steezy.co.

https://www.steezy.co/posts/evolution-of-our-dance-community

Meng, X., Li, G., Jia, Y., Liu, Y., Shang, B., Liu, P., Bao, X., & Chen, L. (2019). Effects of dance intervention on

global cognition, executive function and memory of older adults: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Aging

Clinical and Experimental Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01159-w

Miyakawa, F. M. (2007). Turntablature: Notation, Legitimization, and the Art of the Hip-hop DJ. American Music,

(1). https://doi.org/10.2307/40071644

Moller, A., & Masharawi, Y. (2011). The effect of first ballet classes in the community on various postural

parameters in young girls. Physical Therapy in Sport, 12(4), 188–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.04.001

Moore, C.-L., & Yamamoto, K. (2011). Beyond Words (pp. 143–148). Routledge.

New York City Ballet. (2021, November 29). The Nutcracker - Full Length Ballet by The New York City Ballet.

Www.youtube.com; The Dances, Inc. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXRMT_2F-WE&t=5058s

Noh, Y., Morris, T., & Andersen, M. B. (2005). Psychosocial factors and ballet injuries. International Journal of

Sport and Exercise Psychology, 3(1), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197x.2005.9671759

Novack, C. J. (1993). Ballet, Gender and Cultural Power. Dance, Gender and Culture, 34–48.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22747-1_3

Olympics, P. 2024. (2023). Breaking at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games. Paris 2024.

https://www.paris2024.org/en/sport/breaking/

PRICKETT, S. (2013). Hip-Hop Dance Theatre in London: Legitimising an Art Form. Dance Research: The

Journal of the Society for Dance Research, 31(2). https://www.jstor.org/stable/43281334

Robb, A. (2023, March 2). What Ballet Taught Me About My Body. The Atlantic.

https://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2023/03/ballet-exercise-fitness-mind-body-connection/673249/

Schloss, J. G., & Miyakawa, F. M. (2009). Review of Foundation: B-Boys, B-Girls, and Hip-hop Culture in New

York. American Music, 27(4). https://www.jstor.org/stable/25652232

Segerstrom Center for the Arts. (2023). Pre-Professional (Ages 1218). Segerstrom Center for the Arts.

https://www.scfta.org/education-community-programs/camps-classes/abt-william-gillespie-school/classes-tuition/preprofessional-(ages-12-18)

Stoll, J. (2023, February 10). Number of Disney Plus subscribers worldwide from 1st quarter 2020 to 1st quarter

Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1095372/disney-plus-number-of-subscribers-us/

Tsuchida, S., Terada, T., & Tsukamoto, M. (2013). A system for practicing formations in dance performance

supported by self-propelled screen. Proceedings of the 4th Augmented Human International Conference on - AH

’13, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1145/2459236.2459266

Walczak, B., & Kai, U. (2008). Balanchine the Teacher. Oxford Academic.

https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813032528.001.0001

Weber, J. (2022, November 25). The Hip Hop Nutcracker. Disney Plus; Disney Entertainment.

https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/the-hip-hop-nutcracker/3hgQ6A5n5EzL

White, J. G. (2009). WBL Global Journal of Hip-Hop Culture: Blueprint for a Movement (v3, i1). Words Beats &

Life Inc.

https://wblinc.org/bookstore/digital-wbl-global-journal-of-hip-hop-culture-the-blueprint-for-a-movement-v3-i1

White, S. B., Philpot, A., Green, A., & Bemben, M. G. (2004). Physiological Comparison Between Female

University Ballet and Modern Dance Students. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science, 8(1).

https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/jmrp/jdms/2004/00000008/00000001/art00001

Williams, J. A. (2015). The Cambridge Companion to Hip-Hop. In J. A. Williams (Ed.), Cambridge University

Press. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CCO9781139775298

Wyon, M. A., Twitchett, E., Angioi, M., Clarke, F., Metsios, G., & Koutedakis, Y. (2011). Time Motion and Video

Analysis of Classical Ballet and Contemporary Dance Performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine,

(11). https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1279718

Published

08-31-2023

How to Cite

Chen, E. (2023). Artistic Comparisons of Art Forms Through The Nutcracker: Legitimizing Hip Hop . Journal of Student Research, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i3.4978

Issue

Section

AP Capstone™ Research