The Effect of Green Tea Catechins on Solarum lycopersicum Infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i3.4934Keywords:
Crown-gall, A. tumefaciens, Anthocyanin, Chlorophyll, Oxidative Stress, Tomato Plants, Tumors, Polyphenols, EGCG, Solanum lycopersicum, Agrobacterium tumefaciensAbstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil-borne pathogen that causes crown-gall disease and growth stunting. Current preventative treatments are not feasible for organic or GMO-free farms. A potential natural alternative to such control methods is the use of green tea (containing epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). In this study, the effect of green tea catechins on tumor progression in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato plants) infected with A. tumfaciens was investigated. It was hypothesized that plants treated with green tea catechins would have fewer signs of oxidative stress, and smaller tumors. Tomato plants, grown from seed were watered with green tea or tap water for 9 weeks before inoculation. The control groups included: 1) plants watered with 100ml of water and inoculated with A. tumefaciens; 2) plants watered with 100ml water only; 3) plants watered with 100ml of green tea with an EGCG content of 119 mg. The experimental group included plants watered with green tea and inoculated with A. tumefaciens. After 14 weeks, a leaf Spectrometer was used to measure signs of oxidative stress and tumor size was measured. The p-value from Anthocyanin Reflectance (0.038) and Chlorophyll Content (0.020) showed a significant relationship between treatments and the interaction of treatment and infection cohorts respectively. There was no observed significance between tumor size (p= 0.13). However, these significant relationships suggest that pre-treatment with Green Tea Catechins (EGCG) is an effective Non-GMO option for preventing profit loss from A.tumefaciens infection. EGCG can also be considered a compound of interest for further research in human cancer treatment.
Downloads
References or Bibliography
Asner, G. P., Nepstad, D., Cardinot, G., Ray, D., & Ernst, W. G. (2004). Drought Stress and Carbon
Uptake in an Amazon Forest Measured with Spaceborne Imaging Spectroscopy. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(16), 6039–6044.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/3371960
Bimonte, S., Cascella, M., Barbieri, A., Arra, C., & Cuomo, A. (2020). Current
shreds of evidence on the anticancer role of EGCG in triple-negative breast
cancer: An update of the current state of knowledge. Infectious Agents and
Cancer, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-020-0270-5
Bourras, S., Rouxel, T., & Meyer, M. (2015). Agrobacterium tumefaciens gene
transfer: How a plant pathogen hacks the nuclei of plant and nonplant organisms.
Phytopathology®, 105(10), 1288-1301. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-12-14-0380-RVW
Dai, J., & Mumper, R. J. (2010). Plant phenolics: Extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and
anticancer properties. Molecules, 15(10), 7313-7352. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15107313
Dettlaff, K., Stawny, M., Ogrodowczyk, M., Jelińska, A., Bednarski, W., Wątróbska-Świetlikowska,
D., Keck, R. W., Khan, O. A., Mostafa, I. H., & Jankun, J. (2017). Formulation and
characterization of EGCG for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. International Journal
of Molecular Medicine, 40(2), 329-336. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3024
Filo, A., Sabbatini, P., Sundin, G. W., Zabadal, T. J., Safe, G. R., & Cousins,
P. S. (2012). Grapevine crown gall suppression using biological control and
genetic engineering: A review of recent research. American Journal of
Enology and Viticulture, 64(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.5344/ ajev.2012.12038
Gamon, J. A., & Surfus, J. S. (1999). Assessing Leaf Pigment Content and Activity with a
Reflectometer. The New Phytologist, 143(1), 105–117. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2588519
Kawaguchi, A. (2014). Reduction in pathogen populations at grapevine wound sites is associated with
the mechanism underlying the biological control of crown gall by Rhizobium vitis
i> Strain ark-1. Microbes and Environments, 29(3), 296-302. https://doi.org/10.1264/
jsme2.ME14059
Koch, W., Kukula-koch, W., Komsta, Ł., Marzec, Z., Szwerc, W., & Głowniak, K. (2018). Green tea
quality evaluation based on its catechins and metals composition in combination with
chemometric analysis. Molecules, 23(7), 1689. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071689
Madhuri, S., & Pandey, G. (2009). Some anticancer medicinal plants of foreign origin. Current
Science, 96(6), 779–783. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24104514
Mafakheri, A., Siosemardeh, A., Bahramnejad, B., Struik, P., & Sohrabi, Y. (2010). Effect of drought
stress on yield, proline, and chlorophyll contents in three chickpea cultivars. Australian
Journal of Crop Science, 4(8), 580-585. https://edepot.wur.nl/
#:~:text=Severe%20drought%20stress%20also%20inhibits,a%20result%20of%20drought%20stress.
Moran, J., & Moran, A. (1998). Foliar reflectance and vector analysis reveal nutrient stress in
prey‐deprived pitcher plants (Nepenthes rafflesiana). International
Journal of Plant Sciences, 159(6), 996-1001. https://doi.org/10.1086/314086
Reinson, T., Henno, L., Toots, M., Ustav, M., & Ustav, M. (2015). The cell cycle timing of human
papillomavirus DNA replication. PLOS ONE, 10(7), e0131675. https://doi.org/10.1371/
journal. pone.0131675
Slonczewski, J., Foster, J. W., & Gillen, K. M. (2011). Microbiology: An evolving science (2nd ed.).
W.W. Norton.
Strong, J., & Le Blanc, Z. (n.d.). Agrobacterium-mediated transfection [Illustration]. Centre for
Agriculture and Bioeconomy. https://research.qut.edu.au/cab/projects/
agrobacterium-2-0-optimizing-agrobacterium-tumefaciens-to-enhance-biopharming-yields/
Thangapazham, R. L., Singh, A. K., Sharma, A., Warren, J., Gaddipati, J. P., & Maheshwari, R. K.
(2007). Green tea polyphenols and its constituent epigallocatechin gallate inhibit
proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Letters, 245(1-2),
-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2006.01.027
Ward, J. E., Dale, E. M., Christie, P. J., Nester, E. W., & Binns, A. N. (1990). Complementation
analysis of agrobacterium tumefaciens ti plasmid virB genes by use of a vir promoter expression
vector: VirB9, virB10, and virB11 are essential virulence genes. Journal of Bacteriology,
(9), 5187-5199. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.9.5187-5199.1990
Zhong, L., Goldberg, M. S., Gao, Y.-T., Hanley, J. A., Parent, M.-É., & Jin, F. (2001). A
Population-Based Case-Control Study of Lung Cancer and Green Tea Consumption among Women Living
in Shanghai, China. Epidemiology, 12(6), 695–700. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3703190
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Emily Wickard
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright holder(s) granted JSR a perpetual, non-exclusive license to distriute & display this article.
