Determining the Efficacy of Polyphenols in Inhibiting the Aggregation of Amyloid Beta Proteins
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i3.4848Keywords:
Polyphenols, Amyloid Beta proteins, Alzheimer’s disease, Protein aggregation.Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease is caused by an aggregation of amyloid beta and tau proteins in the brain. Polyphenols, a broad class of naturally-existing compounds, have been shown to inhibit the aggregation of those proteins. This project aims to focus on expressing different combinations of those proteins, as well as assaying those proteins for aggregation inhibition using polyphenols such as curcumin, caffeic acid, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and more to determine which polyphenol is most effective in doing so. We chose to use these polyphenols because of their past precedence in other work, along with their widespread prevalence. However, this project focused more on the biological and in-vitro aspect of polyphenols inhibiting amyloid beta, such as conducting multiple assays including Congo Red, Avoidance, and Dynamic Light Scattering in order to receive tangible results. Through our studies, we found that polyphenols do produce an inhibitory effect on the aggregation of amyloid-beta.
Downloads
References or Bibliography
Lakenbrink, C., Lapczynski, S., Maiwald, B., & Engelhardt, U. H. (2000). Flavonoids and Other Polyphenols in
Consumer Brews of Tea and Other Caffeinated Beverages. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(7),
–2852. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9908042
Pandey, K. B., & Rizvi, S. I. (2009). Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease.
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2(5), 270–278. https://doi.org/10.4161%2Foxim.2.5.9498
DeTure, M. A., & Dickson, D. W. (2019). The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Molecular
Neurodegeneration, 14(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-019-0333-5
Lim, S., Haque, Md. M., Kim, D., Kim, D. J., & Kim, Y. K. (2014). Cell-based Models To Investigate Tau
Aggregation. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, 12(20), 7–13.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2014.09.011
Kobayashi, H., Murata, M., Kawanishi, S., & Oikawa, S. (2020). Polyphenols with Anti-Amyloid β Aggregation
Show Potential Risk of Toxicity Via Pro-Oxidant Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(10),
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103561
Birks, J. S. (2006). Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease. The Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews, 2006(1), CD005593. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005593
Porat, Y., Abramowitz, A., & Gazit, E. (2005). Inhibition of Amyloid Fibril Formation by Polyphenols: Structural
Similarity and Aromatic Interactions as a Common Inhibition Mechanism. Retrieved November 9, 2022, from
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1747-0285.2005.00318.x
Menon, V. P., & Sudheer, A. R. (2007). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin. Advances in
Experimental Medicine and Biology, 595, 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_3
Ono, K., Hasegawa, K., Naiki, H., & Yamada, M. (2004). Anti-amyloidogenic activity of tannic acid and its
activity to destabilize Alzheimer’s β-amyloid fibrils in vitro. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular
Basis of Disease, 1690(3), 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.06.008
Ahmad, A., Ali, T., Park, H. Y., Badshah, H., Rehman, S. U., & Kim, M. O. (2017). Neuroprotective Effect of
Fisetin Against Amyloid-Beta-Induced Cognitive/Synaptic Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, and
Neurodegeneration in Adult Mice. Molecular Neurobiology, 54(3), 2269–2285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-
-4
Chen, Y., Shi, G.-W., Liang, Z.-M., Sheng, S.-Y., Shi, Y.-S., Peng, L., Wang, Y.-P., Wang, F., & Zhang, X.-M.
(2019). Resveratrol improves cognition and decreases amyloid plaque formation in Tg6799 mice. Molecular
Medicine Reports, 19(5), 3783–3790. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10010
Yang, J., Huang, X.-B., Wan, Q.-L., Ding, A.-J., Yang, Z.-L., Qiu, M.-H., Sun, H.-Y., Qi, S.-H., & Luo, H.-R.
(2017). Otophylloside B Protects Against Toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans Models of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 7(2), 207–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-017-0122-1
Dabbaghi, A., Kabiri, K., Ramazani, A., Zohuriaan-Mehr, M. J., & Jahandideh, A. (2019). Synthesis of bio-
based internal and external cross-linkers based on tannic acid for preparation of antibacterial superabsorbents.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 30(11), 2894–2905. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.4722
Why use the worm in research? (2021). Retrieved November 30, 2022, from @yourgenome · Science website
website: https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/why-use-the-worm-in-
research/#:~:text=A%20unique%20feature%20of%20C,traced%20back%20to%20the%20embryo%3F.
Eisenmann, D. M., Wnt signaling (2005), WormBook, ed. The C. elegans Research Community, WormBook,
doi/10.1895/wormbook.1.7.1, http://www.wormbook.org.
Sezonov, G., Joseleau-Petit, D., & D’Ari, R. (2007). Escherichia coli Physiology in Luria-Bertani Broth. Journal
of Bacteriology, 189(23), 8746–8749. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.01368-07
Wu, Y., & Luo, Y. (2005). Transgenic C. elegans as a model in Alzheimer’s research. Current Alzheimer
Research, 2(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.2174/1567205052772768
Liu, L., Guo, P., Wang, P., Zheng, S., Qu, Z., & Liu, N. (2021). The Review of Anti-aging Mechanism of
Polyphenols on Caenorhabditis elegans. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 9, 635768.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.635768
Kauffman, A., Parsons, L., Stein, G., Wills, A., Kaletsky, R., Murphy, C. (2011). C. elegans Positive Butanone
Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays | Protocol. JoVE. https://doi.org/10.3791/2490
Margie, O., Palmer, C., & Chin-Sang, I. (2013). C. elegans Chemotaxis Assay. Journal of Visualized
Experiments : JoVE, 74, 50069. https://doi.org/10.3791/50069
Klunk, W. E., Jacob, R. F., & Mason, R. P. (1999). Quantifying Amyloid β-Peptide (Aβ) Aggregation Using the
Congo Red-Aβ (CR–Aβ) Spectrophotometric Assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 266(1), 66–76.
https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1998.2933
Weinberg, R. P., Koledova, V. V., Shin, H., Park, J. H., Tan, Y. A., Sinskey, A. J., Sambanthamurthi, R., & Rha,
C. (2018). Oil Palm Phenolics Inhibit the In Vitro Aggregation of β -Amyloid Peptide into Oligomeric Complexes.
International Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 2018, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7608038
Wu, Y., Wu, Z., Butko, P., Christen, Y., Lambert, M. P., Klein, W. L., Link, C. D., & Luo, Y. (2006). Amyloid-
β-Induced Pathological Behaviors Are Suppressed by Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761 and Ginkgolides in
Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. The Journal of Neuroscience, 26(50), 13102–13113.
https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3448-06.2006
Dilberger, B., Weppler, S., & Eckert, G. P. (2021). Phenolic acid metabolites of polyphenols act as inductors for
hormesis in C. elegans. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 198, 111518.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2021.111518
Coyle, V., Nikolaki, V., & Ong, F. N. (n.d.). The Effects of Punicalagin and Tannic Acid on Caenorhabditis
elegans Models of Alzheimer’s Disease [Worcester Polytechnic Institute].
Streets, A. M., Sourigues, Y., Kopito, R. R., Melki, R., & Quake, S. R. (2013). Simultaneous Measurement of
Amyloid Fibril Formation by Dynamic Light Scattering and Fluorescence Reveals Complex Aggregation Kinetics.
PLoS ONE, 8(1), e54541. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054541
DLS. (n.d.). Wyatt Technology. Retrieved November 22, 2022, from
https://www.wyatt.com/library/theory/dynamic-light-scattering-theory.html
Wang, Y., Liu, S., Yang, M., Taha, A. A., Wang, J., & Ma, C. (n.d.). Interaction effects on a gold nanoparticle-
based colorimetric assay for antioxidant capacity evaluation of polyphenols. RSC Advances, 10(25), 14705–14713.
https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra01861a
Dilberger, B., Weppler, S., Eckert, G. (2021). “Phenolic Acid Metabolites of Polyphenols Act as Inductors for
Hormesis in C. Elegans.” Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol. 198, 2021, p. 111518.,
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Gayathri Renganathan; Bridget Liu, Bhoomi Jain, Sumayyah Ismail, Kavya Patel, Ayush Patel, Alyssa Halvorsen, Nandini Mannem
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright holder(s) granted JSR a perpetual, non-exclusive license to distriute & display this article.
