A Continuous Oral-fluid Monitoring of Glucose (O.M.G.) Device with Near-field & Bluetooth Communication Capability
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i3.4805Keywords:
Low-cost, Bluetooth, Near-field Communication, Glucose monitoring, Salivary glucose, Diabetes, Watch, ChipAbstract
Around 34 million Americans have Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), while 88 million adults have prediabetes. Unlike the traditional invasive needle method, our proposed salivary glucose-monitoring device, OMG, can facilitate self-monitoring through a noninvasive method via Bluetooth modulation using cost-effective material (Nafion, Polydimethylsiloxane [PDMS], Bluetooth chips). The electrodes designed were coated with Glucose Oxidase (GOx), where a biological redox reaction occurs after being in contact with salivary glucose. When the interdigitated electrode (IDE) connects to the Bluetooth circuit, the impedance changes and modulates the electromagnetic reflection from the course, reflecting it as the “change of resistance” (which is proportional to the glucose concentration). Afterward, commercial chemical methods, ex-vivo, and in-vivo styles were employed to assess viability and usability. Data were assessed by creating several different comparisons between OMG and existing alternatives. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images captured OMG GOx’s morphology, vector multimeters were used to collect data, and Glucose Assay Kits (Colorimetric) were used for OMG comparative analysis. NOREC (software) transfers measured fluctuations into graphical and numerical data. Testing results suggest that the trendline is reliable: R2 = 0.9292 for colorimetric and R2 = 0.9673 for our Performance Tests (ex-vivo and in-vivo), which was better than the gold standard: R2 = 0.8823. Further, we conducted multiple resistance tests, in which resistance and voltage significance was averaged to be p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively. The non-invasiveness and portability demonstrate the necessity of developing such applications and novel, cost-effective smartwatch-based alternatives.
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