Expert Opinions: Reform to the National School Meal Programs Regarding Dietary Saturated Fats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i3.4747Keywords:
school meals, saturated fat, expert interviews, reform to school mealsAbstract
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs in the US should be revised to have more relaxed regulations on saturated dietary fat consumption. Controversy over the validity of the diet-heart hypothesis—examined in a review of literature —prompted this inquiry. Qualitative data was collected through eighteen expert interviews. Trends in expert responses were identified using qualitative data coding. Participating experts were of diverse perspectives and came from across the United States. Experts answered in ways that were mostly consistent with the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans. However, most seemed to agree that it would be beneficial to relax regulations on saturated fat in order to allow for some flexibility. There was a widespread and overwhelming concern about ultra processed foods among experts.
Downloads
References or Bibliography
Asada, Yuka et al. “Successes and Challenges in School Meal Reform: Qualitative Insights From Food Service Directors.” The Journal of school health vol. 87,8 (2017): 608-615. doi:10.1111/josh.12534
Baker, Sarah Elsie, and Rosalind Edwards. “How Many Qualitative Interviews Is Enough?” National Centre for Research Methods Review Paper, National Centre for Research Methods, eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/id/eprint/2273/4/how_many_interviews.pdf. Accessed 15 Dec. 2022.
Bogner, A., Littig, B., & Menz, W. (2009). Interviewing Experts (ECPR Research Methods) (2009th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
"Butter Is Not Back: Limiting Saturated Fat Still Best For Heart Health". News, 2015, https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/butter-is-not-back-limiting-saturated-fat-still-best-for-heart-health/. Accessed 4 Mar 2023.
Cassiday, L. (2021). Big fat controversy: changing opinions about saturated fats. American Oil Chemists’ Society. Retrieved December 29, 2022, from https://www.aocs.org/stay-informed/inform-magazine/featured-articles/big-fat-controversy-changing-opinions-about-saturated-fats-june-2015?SSO=True
DuBroff R, de Lorgeril MFat or fiction: the diet-heart hypothesisBMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 2021;26:3-7.
Hruby, Adela, and Frank B. Hu. “Saturated Fat and Heart Disease: The Latest Evidence.” Lipid Technology, vol. 28, no. 1, Jan. 2016, pp. 7–12. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.1002/lite.201600001.
"Is Butter Really Back?". Harvard Public Health Magazine, 2016, https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/magazine/magazine_article/is-butter-really-back/. Accessed 4 Mar 2023.
La Berge, A. F. "How The Ideology Of Low Fat Conquered America". Journal Of The History Of Medicine And Allied Sciences, vol 63, no. 2, 2007, pp. 139-177. Oxford University Press (OUP), doi:10.1093/jhmas/jrn001. Accessed 14 Feb 2023.
Oppenheimer, Gerald M., and I.Daniel Benrubi. “McGovern’s Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs Versus the Meat Industry on the Diet–Heart Question (1976-1977).” American Journal of Public Health, vol. 104, no. 1, Jan. 2014, pp. 59–69. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301464.
Ramsden, Christopher E et al. “Re-evaluation of the traditional diet-heart hypothesis: analysis of recovered data from Minnesota Coronary Experiment (1968-73).” BMJ (Clinical research ed.) vol. 353 i1246. 12 Apr. 2016, doi:10.1136/bmj.i1246
Ravnskov, Uffe. “A hypothesis out-of-date. the diet-heart idea.” Journal of clinical epidemiology vol. 55,11 (2002): 1057-63. doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00504-8
Resnik, David B, and Kevin C Elliott. “Taking financial relationships into account when assessing research.” Accountability in research vol. 20,3 (2013): 184-205. doi:10.1080/08989621.2013.788383
Ringgenberg, Nathalie, et al. “ExerG: Adapting an Exergame Training Solution to the Needs of Older Adults Using Focus Group and Expert Interviews.” Journal of NeuroEngineering & Rehabilitation (JNER), vol. 19, no. 1, Aug. 2022, pp. 1–17. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-022-01063-x.
Ritterman, Jeffrey B. “To Err is Human: Can American Medicine Learn from Past Mistakes?.” The Permanente journal vol. 21 (2017): 16-181. doi:10.7812/TPP/16-181
United States Department of Agriculture. “Meal Requirements Under the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program: Questions and Answers for Program Operators Updated to Reflect the Transitional Standards for Milk, Whole Grains, and Sodium Effective July 1, 2022.” United States Department of Agriculture, directed by Tina Namian, 2 Mar. 2022, fns-prod.azureedge.us/sites/default/files/resource-files/SP05-2022os.pdf#page=5.
U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. 9th Edition. December 2020. Available at DietaryGuidelines.gov.
Van Gunst, Annelies et al. "Reformulation As An Integrated Approach Of Four Disciplines: A Qualitative Study With Food Companies". Foods, vol 7, no. 4, 2018, p. 64. MDPI AG, doi:10.3390/foods7040064. Accessed 9 Apr 2023.
Wrock, Rebecca Kristen. “Ignorance Is Bliss: Self-Regulation and Ag-Gag Laws in the American Meat Industry.” Contemporary Justice Review, vol. 19, no. 2, June 2016, pp. 267–79. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2016.1168256.
Zerden, Lisa de Saxe, et al. “Addressing Burnout among the Frontline Healthcare Workforce during COVID-19: A Scoping Review & Expert Interviews.” Journal of Health & Human Services Administration, vol. 44, no. 4, Oct. 2021, pp. 302–33. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.37808/jhhsa.44.4.3.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Claire Cordonnier; Constance Newman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright holder(s) granted JSR a perpetual, non-exclusive license to distriute & display this article.
