Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Current and Emerging Treatments
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i3.4657Keywords:
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Pancreatic CancerAbstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease with increasing incidence and mortality rates. The most effective treatment for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma is surgery, but because of the late-stage diagnosis which is typical among PDAC patients, as well as poor imaging technology, surgery is not a viable option for 80-85% of patients. Therefore, the most common treatments for PDAC currently are Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy, and Radiotherapy. Chemotherapy for PDAC is performed with a combination of drugs. The current standards of chemotherapy drug combinations are being challenged and new chemotherapy combinations are under clinical trial. Immunotherapy for PDAC consists of immunomodulators, oncolytic viruses, adoptive cell therapies, and cancer vaccines. Recently, a shift of focus within PDAC immunotherapy research has yielded an emphasis on protein inhibition. A new protein inhibition strategy is under clinical trial. Radiotherapy is rarely used to treat PDAC in recent years, but there is an emerging hypothesis implying that radiotherapy may be used on tumors to kill tissue that may not be removed via surgery. The future of PDAC treatment is unpredictable - because of the high mortality rate and low survival rate relative to other cancers, researchers are forced to think creatively and pursue treatments different than those of other cancers. The likelihood of improvement in PDAC treatment is great because of the current poor standard and the vast amount of emerging research.
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