Coffee’s Contribution to the Political Role of Coffeehouses in England During 1660-1720
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v11i3.3623Keywords:
public sphere, coffee, coffeehouseAbstract
According to German philosopher Jürgen Habermas, coffeehouses had a political role—creating a public sphere for the bourgeoisie to talk about politics. Therefore, coffeehouses, or salons in France, could lead to civil revolts. However, it leads to the question that why coffeehouses prevailed over teahouses, taverns, or other kinds of public places. This study shows the traits of coffee that made it an appealing product to facilitate political engagement among people. Through 17th-and-18th-century letters and diaries, this paper focuses on coffee—the object itself, rather than coffeehouses—to argue and explain why coffee became a popular and political beverage.
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Habermas Jürgen, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society (Cambridge, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991), 57.
Brian Cowan, “What Was Masculine about the Public SPHERE? Gender and the Coffeehouse Milieu in Post-Restoration England,” History Workshop Journal 51, no. 1 (2001): pp. 127-157, https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/2001.51.127, 150.
William H. Ukers, All about COFFEE. Second Edition (New York: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal Co, 1935), 52.
Joseph Clarke, “Coffee: Grounds for Debate? An Assessment of the ...,” accessed September 21, 2021, https://www.st-hughs.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Clarke-Joseph.pdf, 9.
Habermas, 27.
Kenneth Pomeranz and Steven Topik, The World That Trade Created: Society, Culture and the World Economy: 1400 to the Present (New York: Routledge, 2018), 83.
M.P., A CHARACTER OF COFFEE AND COFFEE-HOUSES, 3. Accessed September 21, 2021. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A56639.0001.001/1:2?rgn=div1;view=fulltext.
Ukers, 57.
Coffee-Houses Vindicated IN ANSVVER To the Late Published CHARACTER OF A COFFEE HOUSE Asserting From Reason, Experience, and Good Authours, the Excellent Vse, and Physical Vertues of That Liquor. With The Grand Conveniency of Such Civil Places of Resort and Ingenious Conversation, 3. Accessed September 21, 2021. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A33605.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext.
Ukers, 54.
Coffee-Houses Vindicated IN ANSVVER To the Late Published CHARACTER OF A COFFEE-HOUSE, 2.
Ibid., 3
Ibid., 2.
Ukers, 53.
M.P., 4.
THE WOMEN'S PETITION AGAINST COFFEE. REPRESENTING TO PUBLICK CONSIDERATION THE Grand INCONVENIENCIES Accruing to Their SEX from the Excessive Use of That Drying, Enfeebling LIQUOR. Presented to the Right Honorable the Keepers of the Liberty of VENVS, 2. Accessed September 21, 2021. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A66888.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext.
“The RULES and ORDERS of the COFFEE-HOUSE.” Accessed September 21, 2021. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/B01780.0001.001/1:1.1?c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;hi=0;rgn=div2;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=coffee.
Blount, Thomas Pope. A Natural History: Containing Many Not Common OBSERVATIONS: Extracted out of the Best Modern Writers, 112. Accessed September 21, 2021. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A28477.0001.001?c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=main;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=coffee#hl6.
M.P., 5.
Coffee-Houses Vindicated IN ANSVVER To the Late Published CHARACTER OF A COFFEE-HOUSE, 4.
Coffee-Houses Vindicated IN ANSVVER To the Late Published CHARACTER OF A COFFEE-HOUSE, 4.
Steve Pincus, ‘Coffee Politicians Does Create’: Coffeehouses and Restoration Political Culture, 818. The Journal of Modern History 67, no. 4 (1995): pp. 807-834, https://doi.org/10.1086/245229.
Wiebe E. Bijker and Bruno Latour, “8 Where Are the Missing Masses? The Sociology of a Few Mundane Artifacts,” in Shaping Technology, Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change (Cambridge, Mass. u.a.: MIT Press, 1992), pp. 225-258.
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Bijker, Wiebe E., and Bruno Latour. “8 Where Are the Missing Masses? The Sociology of a Few Mundane Artifacts.” Essay. In Shaping Technology, Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change, 225–58. Cambridge, Mass. u.a.: MIT Press, 1992.
Blount, Thomas Pope. “A Natural History: Containing Many Not Common OBSERVATIONS: Extracted out of the Best Modern Writers.” Accessed September 21, 2021. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A28477.0001.001?c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;rgn=main;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=coffee#hl6.
Clarke, Joseph. “Coffee: Grounds for Debate? An Assessment of the ...” Accessed September 21, 2021. https://www.st-hughs.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Clarke-Joseph.pdf.
“Coffee-Houses Vindicated IN ANSVVER To the Late Published CHARACTER OF A COFFEE-HOUSE Asserting From Reason, Experience, and Good Authours, the Excellent Vse, and Physical Vertues of That Liquor. With The Grand Conveniency of Such Civil Places of Resort and Ingenious Conversation.” Accessed September 21, 2021. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A33605.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext.
Cowan, Brian. “What Was Masculine about the Public SPHERE? Gender and the Coffeehouse Milieu in Post-Restoration England.” History Workshop Journal 51, no. 1 (2001): 127–57. https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/2001.51.127.
Habermas Jürgen. Essay. In The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991.
P., M. “A CHARACTER OF COFFEE AND COFFEE-HOUSES.” Accessed September 21, 2021. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A56639.0001.001/1:2?rgn=div1;view=fulltext.
Pincus, Steve. “‘Coffee Politicians Does Create’: Coffeehouses and Restoration Political Culture.” The Journal of Modern History 67, no. 4 (1995): 807–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/245229.
Pomeranz, Kenneth, and Steven Topik. The World That Trade Created: Society, Culture and the World Economy: 1400 to the Present. New York: Routledge, 2018.
“The RULES and ORDERS of the COFFEE-HOUSE.” Accessed September 21, 2021. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/B01780.0001.001/1:1.1?c=eebo;c=eebo2;g=eebogroup;hi=0;rgn=div2;view=fulltext;xc=1;q1=coffee.
Ukers, William H. All about COFFEE. Second Edition. New York: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal Co, 1935.
“THE WOMEN'S PETITION AGAINST COFFEE. REPRESENTING TO PUBLICK CONSIDERATION THE Grand INCONVENIENCIES Accruing to Their SEX from the Excessive Use of That Drying, Enfeebling LIQUOR. Presented to the Right Honorable the Keepers of the Liberty of VENVS.” Accessed September 21, 2021. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A66888.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext.
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