Genomic Analysis of S protein in SARS-CoV-2 samples from Washington D.C
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v11i3.3360Keywords:
Genomic Analysis, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, mutation frequency, mutation density, vaccine, variants, drug development, antibody, protein sequence, spike protein, Omicron, selective advantage, RBD region, SpreadabilityAbstract
COVID-19, otherwise known as the coronavirus, ranks as one of the top ten world’s worst epidemics since recorded history. As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolves, it accumulates changes in the genetic code, commonly known as mutations. The greater spreadability of the SARS-CoV-2 variants is hypothesized to be driven by key mutations that are distinguished by higher mutation frequency and mutation density. This study investigates variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and identifies mutations that are of particular importance for future antibody, vaccine, and drug development. The human spike protein sequences from Washington D.C were analyzed by being compared to the reference SARS-COV-2 protein sequence from Wuhan-Hu-1. Out of 7012 sequences analyzed, a total of 2463 distinct mutations, at 1251 sites were observed. The mutations observed in the spike proteins are discussed in the context of mutation frequency, characteristics of mutations at different regions, number of mutations per sample, and mutation density at different regions. Different variants observed in the sequences, and how they have adapted from the existing variants such as Alpha, Delta, and Omicron are also discussed in this research paper. This study summarizes the mutation characteristics that influenced the virus' advantage and identifies the mutations to be considered for future antibody, vaccine, and drug development against the virus.
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