The Costs and Impacts of Different Healthcare Systems in the U.S., Canada, and the U.K.

Authors

  • Atharv Bhavanasi Polygence
  • Paul Kim Northwestern University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v11i3.3347

Keywords:

Healthcare Systems, Healthcare Economics, Costs of Healthcare, Healthcare Costs, Government Spending on Healthcare, U.S Healthcare, Canada Healthcare, U.K. Healthcare, Economics/Finance, Health Care Issues, Govt. Policies

Abstract

In the wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic, there has been a greater call for universal healthcare in the U.S.. This research paper evaluates the healthcare systems of the nationalized healthcare system of the U.K.(NHS), the hybrid of free and private healthcare in Canada, and the strong presence of privately insured healthcare in the U.S. So how does a country’s healthcare system affect its population economically and socially? I take a look at the public policies, financial/economic burdens, tax implications on the general populace, and advantages that each population gains from their systemized healthcare system for these three countries.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Paul Kim, Northwestern University

Advisor

I am an economics PhD student at Northwestern University. My main research is in the area of industrial organization, in particular healthcare markets. I am studying various health care policies in publicly funded, privately provided health insurance markets like the ACA individual exchanges and Medicare Part D. I'm interested in studying how entities like insurers and hospitals react to different policies/regulations and ultimately affect different groups of enrollees/patients. As an aspiring economist in training, I love talking about/discussing real-world policies and how they may impact different groups of people. Outside of that, I enjoy listening/playing music, especially jazz.

References or Bibliography

US vs. Canadian Healthcare: What is the difference? Ross University School of Medicine. (2021, May 11). Retrieved August 6, 2022, from https://medical.rossu.edu/about/blog/us-vs-canadian-healthcare

McAlister, Finlay A., et al. “Comparing Canadian Health Care to That in Other Countries: Looking beyond the Headlines.” Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 190, no. 8, Feb. 2018, pp. E207–8, https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.171527.

Palacios, Milagros, and Bacchus Barua. The Price of Public Health Care Insurance, 2018. 2018, www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/price-of-public-health-care-insurance-2018.pdf.

Alert, Fraser. Health Insurance and Bankruptcy Rates in Canada and the United States. 2009, www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/HealthInsuranceandBankruptcyRates.pdf.

‌“National Health Expenditure Trends, 2021 — Snapshot | CIHI.” Www.cihi.ca, www.cihi.ca/en/national-health-expenditure-trends-2021-snapshot.

“COVID or Not—Canada’s Health-Care System Faces Major Challenges: Op-Ed.” Fraser Institute, 10 Nov. 2021, www.fraserinstitute.org/article/covid-or-not-canadas-health-care-system-faces-major-challenges.

Am, et al. “Canada’s Coronavirus Performance Hasn’t Been Perfect. But It’s Done Far Better than the U.S.” Washington Post, 15 July 2020, www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/coronavirus-canada-united-states/2020/07/14/0686330a-c14c-11ea-b4f6-cb39cd8940fb_story.html.

“Affordable Care Act (ACA).” Investopedia, www.investopedia.com/terms/a/affordable-care-act.asp#:~:text=Key%20Takeaways&text=It%20was%20designed%20to%20extend.

“Parts of Medicare | Medicare.” Www.medicare.gov, www.medicare.gov/basics/get-started-with-medicare/medicare-basics/parts-of-medicare#:~:text=Part%20A%20(Hospital%20Insurance)%3A.

Lubin, Gus. ``10 Reasons Why the US HealthCare System Is the Envy of the World.” Business Insider, www.businessinsider.com/10-reasons-why-the-us-health-care-system-is-the-envy-of-the-world-2010-3#4-most-identification-and-treatment-of-psychological-disease-4.

Tikkanen, Roosa, et al. “England | Commonwealth Fund.” Www.commonwealthfund.org, 5 June 2020, www.commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/countries/england.

Pipes, Sally. “Britain’s Version of ‘Medicare for All’ Is Struggling with Long Waits for Care.” Forbes, www.forbes.com/sites/sallypipes/2019/04/01/britains-version-of-medicare-for-all-is-collapsing/?sh=6251fd36b890.

“NHS Waiting Times for Cancer Care in England Now Longest on Record.” The Guardian, 10 Mar. 2022, www.theguardian.com/society/2022/mar/10/nhs-waiting-times-for-cancer-care-in-england-now-longest-on-record.

‌Thorlby, Ruth, et al. “NHS Performance and Waiting Times.” The Health Foundation, 22 Nov. 2019, www.health.org.uk/publications/long-reads/nhs-performance-and-waiting-times.

the health foundation. “Lack of Investment in NHS Infrastructure Is Undermining Patient Care.” The Health Foundation, 8 Mar. 2019, www.health.org.uk/news-and-comment/news/lack-of-investment-in-nhs-infrastructure-is-undermining-patient-care.

‌“Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey, UK - Office for National Statistics.” Www.ons.gov.uk, www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/coronaviruscovid19infectionsurveypilot/29july2022.

“Healthcare Expenditure, UK Health Accounts - Office for National Statistics.” Www.ons.gov.uk, www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthcaresystem/bulletins/ukhealthaccounts/2020.

“How Has U.S. Spending on Healthcare Changed Over Time?” Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker, www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-collection/u-s-spending-healthcare-changed-time/#Relative%20contributions%20to%20total%20national%20health%20expenditures.

The number of hospital beds. The King's Fund. (2021, November 5). Retrieved August 21, 2022, from https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/projects/nhs-in-a-nutshell/hospital-beds#:~:text=Bed%20numbers%20internationally,-Bed%20numbers%20have&text=However%2C%20the%20UK%20has%20a,France%20and%207.91%20in%20Germany.

Essential Health Benefits Insurance Plans Must Cover Under the Affordable Care Act - Families Usa. (2019). Families Usa. https://familiesusa.org/resources/10-essential-health-benefits-insurance-plans-must-cover-under-the-affordable-care-act/

Editor in Chief. (2017). 21 Canadian Medicare Pros and Cons. Vittana.org. https://vittana.org/21-canadian-medicare-pros-and-cons

Borgen Project. “The Top 5 Diseases in Canada.” The Borgen Project, 8 July 2017, borgenproject.org/top-5-diseases-in-canada.

Macleans.ca. “Canada Falls behind in Health Care Technology - Macleans.ca.” Macleans.ca, 18 Dec. 2019, www.macleans.ca/opinion/canada-falls-behind-in-healthcare-technology/.

‌“Per Capita Health Expenditure Canada 1975-2019.” Statista, www.statista.com/statistics/436378/total-health-spending-per-capita-canada/.

“U.S. Health Expenditure as GDP Share 1960-2020.” Statista, www.statista.com/statistics/184968/us-health-expenditure-as-percent-of-gdp-since-1960/#:~:text=U.S.%20health%20expenditure%20as%20percent%20of%20GDP%201960%2D2020&text=In%202020%2C%20U.S.%20national%20health.

“Healthcare Expenditure as Share of GDP 1997-2018.” Statista, www.statista.com/statistics/317708/healthcare-expenditure-as-a-share-of-gdp-in-the-united-kingdom/.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. “NHE Fact Sheet | CMS.” Cms.gov, 16 Dec. 2020, www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and-reports/nationalhealthexpenddata/nhe-fact-sheet.

Published

08-31-2022

How to Cite

Bhavanasi, A., & Kim, P. (2022). The Costs and Impacts of Different Healthcare Systems in the U.S., Canada, and the U.K. Journal of Student Research, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v11i3.3347

Issue

Section

HS Review Articles