When Should Survey Reminders be Sent Out? An Investigation Into Surveys Analyzing High Schoolers

Aaronson, D., Park, K.-H., & Sullivan, D. G. (2006). The Decline in Teen Labor Force

Participation. Economic Perspectives: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.

Asire, A. M. (2017). A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Incentives on Response Rate in Online

Survey Studies. Electronic Theses and Dissertations.

Barnhart, B. J., Reddy, S. G., & Arnold, G. K. (2021). Remind Me Again: Physician Response to

Web Surveys: The Effect of Email Reminders Across 11 Opinion Survey Efforts at the American Board of Internal Medicine from 2017 to 2019. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 44(3), 245–259. https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787211019445

Barron, G., & Yechiam, E. (2002). Private e-mail requests and the diffusion of

responsibility. Computers in Human Behavior, 18(5), 507–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0747-5632(02)00007-9

Baruch, Y., & Holtom, B. C. (2008). Survey response rate levels and trends in

Organizational Research. Human Relations, 61(8), 1139–1160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726708094863

Bauer, L., Liu, P., Moss, E., Nunn, R., & Shambaugh, J. (2019, July 3). All school and no

work becoming the norm for American teens. Brookings. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2019/07/02/all-school-and-no-work-becoming-the-norm-for-american-teens/.

Beebe, T. J., McAlpine, D. D., Ziegenfuss, J. Y., Jenkins, S., Haas, L., & Davern, M. E. (2012).

Deployment of a Mixed-Mode Data Collection Strategy Does Not Reduce Nonresponse Bias in a General Population Health Survey. Health Services Research, 47(4), 1739–1754. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2011.01369.x

Beebe, T. J., Jacobson, R. M., Jenkins, S. M., Lackore, K. A., & Rutten, L. J. (2018).

Testing the impact of mixed-mode designs (mail and web) and multiple contact attempts within mode (mail or web) on clinician survey response. Health Services Research, 53, 3070–3083. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.12827

Biner, P. M. (1988). Effects of cover appeal and monetary incentives on survey response: A

reactance theory application. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 9(2), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp0902_3

Blumenberg, C., Menezes, A. M., Gonçalves, H., Assunção, M. C., Wehrmeister, F. C., Barros, F.

C., & Barros, A. J. (2019). The role of questionnaire length and reminders frequency on response rates to a web-based epidemiologic study: A randomised trial. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 22(6), 625–635. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2019.1629755

Brown, J. A., Serrato, C. A., Hugh, M., Kanter, M. H., Spritzer, K. L., & Hays, R. D.

(2016). Effect of a post-paid incentive on response rates to a web-based survey. Survey Practice, 9(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.29115/sp-2016-0001

Buchholz, K. (2020). Americans Get Driver's Licenses Later in Life. Statista. Retrieved

January 21, 2021, from https://www.statista.com/chart/18682/percentage-of-the-us-population-holding-a-drivers-license-by-age-group/.

Coopersmith, J., Vogel, L. K., Bruursema, T., & Feeney, K. (2016). Effects of incentive

amount and type of web survey response rates. Survey Practice, 9(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.29115/sp-2016-0002

Crawford, S. D., Couper, M. P., & Lamias, M. J. (2001). Web surveys. Social Science

Computer Review, 19(2), 146–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/089443930101900202

Dillman, D. A., Lesser, V., Mason, R., Carlson, J., Willits, F., Robertson, R., & Burke, B.

(2007). Personalization of mail surveys for general public and populations with a group identity: Results from nine studies. Rural Sociology, 72(4), 632–646. https://doi.org/10.1526/003601107782638693

Edwards, L., Salisbury, C., Horspool, K., Foster, A., Garner, K., & Montgomery, A. A.

(2016). Increasing follow-up questionnaire response rates in a randomized controlled trial of telehealth for depression: Three embedded controlled studies. Trials, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-016-1234-3

Edwards, P. J., Roberts, I., Clarke, M. J., DiGuiseppi, C., Wentz, R., Kwan, I., Cooper, R., Felix,

L. M., & Pratap, S. (2009). Methods to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.mr000008.pub4

Fatkin, J.-M., & Lansdown, T. C. (2017). Group size and personalization’s effect on

Facebook message response rates. Information Technology & People, 30(1), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/itp-02-2015-0042

Fincham, J. E. (2008). Response rates and responsiveness for surveys, standards, and the journal.

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 72(2), 43. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj720243

Goyder, J. (1986). Surveys on surveys: Limitations and potentialities. Public Opinion Quarterly,

(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1086/268957

Göritz, A. S. (2006). Incentives in Web Studies: Methodological Issues and a Review.

International Journal of Internet Science, 1(1), 58–70.

Heerwegh, D., Vanhove, T., Matthijs, K., & Loosveldt, G. (2005). The effect of

personalization on response rates and data quality in web surveys. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(2), 85–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557042000203107

Joinson, A. N., & Reips, U.-D. (2007). Personalized salutation, power of sender and

response rates to web-based surveys. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(3), 1372–1383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.12.011

Kennedy, C., & Hartig, H. (2020, May 30). Response rates in telephone surveys have

resumed their decline. Pew Research Center. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/02/27/response-rates-in-telephone-surveys-have-resumed-their-decline/.

Klagge, J. (2018). Guidelines for conducting surveys. ResearchGate. Retrieved December 1,

, from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jay-Klagge/publication/327425122_Guidelines_for_Conducting_Surveys/links/5b8eb8c7a6fdcc1ddd0ec931/Guidelines-for-Conducting-Surveys.pdf.

Koitsalu, M., Eklund, M., Adolfsson, J., Grönberg, H., & Brandberg, Y. (2018). Effects of

pre-notification, invitation length, questionnaire length and reminder on participation rate: A quasi-randomised controlled trial. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0467-5

Muñoz-Leiva, F., Sánchez-Fernández, J., Montoro-Ríos, F., & Ibáñez-Zapata, J. Á. (2009).

Improving the response rate and quality in web-based surveys through the personalization and frequency of reminder mailings. Quality & Quantity, 44(5), 1037–1052. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-009-9256-5

Newell, C. E., Rosenfeld, P., Harris, R. N., & Hindelang, R. L. (2004). Reasons for

nonresponse on U.S. Navy Surveys: A closer look. Military Psychology, 16(4), 265–276. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327876mp1604_4

Patrick, M. E., Couper, M. P., Jang, B. J., Laetz, V., Schulenberg, J. E., O’Malley, P. M.,

Bachman, J., & Johnston, L. D. (2022). Building on a Sequential Mixed-Mode Research Design in the Monitoring the Future Study. Journal of Survey Statistics & Methodology, 10(1), 149–160. https://doi.org/10.1093/jssam/smaa030

Pickett, J. T., Metcalfe, C. F., Baker, T., Gertz, M., & Bedard, L. (2013). Superficial survey

choice: An experimental test of a potential method for increasing response rates and response quality in correctional surveys. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 30(2), 265–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-013-9203-4

Pit, S. W., Hansen, V., & Ewald, D. (2013). A small unconditional non-financial incentive

suggests an increase in survey response rates amongst older General Practitioners (GPS): A Randomised Controlled Trial Study. BMC Family Practice, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-14-108

Pit, S. W., Vo, T., & Pyakurel, S. (2014). The effectiveness of recruitment strategies on

general practitioner’s survey response rates – a systematic review. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-14-76

Porter, S. R., Whitcomb, M. E., & Weitzer, W. H. (2004). Multiple surveys of students and

survey fatigue. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2004(121), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1002/ir.101

Sahlqvist, S., Song, Y., Bull, F., Adams, E., Preston, J., & Ogilvie, D. (2011). Effect of

questionnaire length, personalisation and reminder type on response rate to a complex postal survey: Randomised Controlled Trial. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-11-62

Shults, R. A., & Williams, A. F. (2013). Trends in driver licensing status and driving among

high school seniors in the United States, 1996–2010. Journal of Safety Research, 46, 167–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2013.04.003

Singer, E., & Ye, C. (2012). The use and effects of incentives in surveys. The ANNALS of

the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 645(1), 112–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716212458082

Steindl, C., Jonas, E., Sittenthaler, S., Traut-Mattausch, E., & Greenberg, J. (2015).

Understanding psychological reactance. Zeitschrift Für Psychologie, 223(4), 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000222

Van Mol, C. (2016). Improving web survey efficiency: The impact of an extra reminder and

reminder content on web survey response. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(4), 317–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2016.1185255

Young, J. M., O'Halloran, A., McAulay, C., Pirotta, M., Forsdike, K., Stacey, I., & Currow,

D. (2015). Unconditional and conditional incentives differentially improved general practitioners' participation in an online survey: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 68(6), 693–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.09.013

Yu, S., Alper, H. E., Nguyen, A.-M., Brackbill, R. M., Turner, L., Walker, D. J., Maslow, C. B.,

& Zweig, K. C. (2017). The effectiveness of a monetary incentive offer on survey response rates and response completeness in a longitudinal study. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0353-1