Perceptions of Teenage Psychological Disorder

How do students’ and teachers’ perceptions of teenage literary characters with PDs compare and contrast?

Authors

  • Joanne Ji Leonia High School
  • Victoria Wong Leonia High School

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v11i3.2823

Keywords:

teachers, students, teenagers, psychological disorder, stigma, public perception

Abstract

The twenty-first century brought unprecedented rates of teenage psychological disorder (PD), with conditions such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia reaching all-time highs. Young adolescents, despite having been recognized as a psychologically vulnerable demographic, are constantly excluded in their own mental health evaluations, and teachers in the American education system play a pivotal role in addressing this gap. Thus, in this paper, I specifically explore how high school students and teachers perceive teenage PD by examining their opinions on literary portrayals of mentally ill adolescents. This article thoroughly investigates this inquiry by utilizing quantitative, open-ended survey research followed by a thematic and comparative analysis. A total of 43 students and 24 teachers participated in the study, and I identified five recurring themes throughout their responses: the validity of teenagers’ struggles, PD’s relation to teenagers’ school life, PD’s relation to teenagers’ social life, trust in professional treatment, and the potential of recovery. My findings demonstrated that although both groups showed a mutual concern for the mental welfare of teenagers, there were stark differences between students’ and teachers’ perceptions of teenage PD. These results present a fundamental ideological dichotomy that must be bridged in order to help adolescents benefit from their schools, and an implementation of comprehensive mental health and social and emotional well-being (SEWB) training for all teachers may be the first step to achieving this goal.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Victoria Wong, Leonia High School

Guidance counselor

References or Bibliography

Alaska, C. (2020, December 16). Why We Need Responsible Representation in the Film Industry. NAMI: National

Alliance on Mental Illness. https://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/December-2020/Why-We-Need-Responsible-Representation-in-the-Film-Industry

Aluh, D. O., Amorha, K. C., & Anthony-Awi, T. A. (2022). The effect of classroom lectures and a movie

recommendation on pharmacy students’ attitudes and social distancing toward people with schizophrenia. Mental Health Clinician, 12(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2022.01.023

American Psychological Association. (2019, May 1). Survey: Americans Becoming More Open About Mental

Health. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2019/05/mental-health-survey

Anderson, L. H. (2009). Wintergirls. Viking Books for Young Readers.

Antwi, Y. (2021, October 17). Mental illness is misrepresented in the media; why it matters. The Statesman.

https://www.sbstatesman.com/2021/10/17/mental-illness-is-misrepresented-in-the-media-why-it-matters/

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2),

–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Campbell, D. (2018, May 21). Netflix show condemned for “romanticising” teenager’s suicide.

The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/apr/21/netflix-13-reasons-why-condemned-for-romanticising-suicide

Carter, M. C., Cingel, D. P., Lauricella, A. R., & Wartella, E. (2021). 13 Reasons Why, perceived norms, and reports

of mental health-related behavior change among adolescent and young adult viewers in four global regions. Communication Research, 48(8), 1110–1132. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650220930462

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, National

Association of County Behavioral Health & Developmental Disability Directors, National Institute of Mental Health, & The Carter Center Mental Health Program. (2012). Attitudes towards mental illness: Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.https://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/Mental_Health_Reports/pdf/BRFSS_Full%20Report.pdf

Corrigan, P. W. (2007). How clinical diagnosis might exacerbate the stigma of mental illness. Social Work, 52(1),

–39. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23720705

Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2002). The paradox of self-stigma and mental illness. Clinical Psychology:

Science and Practice, 9(1), 35–53. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.9.1.35

Crenna-Jennings, W., & Hutchinson, J. (2020, January). Access to child and adolescent mental health services in

Education Policy Institute. https://epi.org.uk/publications-and-research/access-to-child-and-adolescent-mental-health-services-in-2019/

Domino, G. (1983). Impact of the film, “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest,” on attitudes towards mental illness.

Psychological Reports, 53(1), 179–182. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1983.53.1.179

Fawcett, K. (2015, April 16). How mental illness is misrepresented in the media. U.S. News & World Report.

https://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/articles/2015/04/16/how-mental-illness-is-misrepresented-in-the-media

Ford, T., Hamilton, H., Meltzer, H., & Goodman, R. (2008). Predictors of service use for mental health problems

among British schoolchildren. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 13(1), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2007.00449.x

Fox, H. (2019). How It Feels to Float. Penguin Books.

Green, J. (2017). Turtles All the Way Down. Dutton Books for Young Readers.

Hoagwood, K. E., Serene Olin, S., Kerker, B. D., Kratochwill, T. R., Crowe, M., & Saka, N. (2007). Empirically

based school interventions targeted at academic and mental health functioning. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 15(2), 66–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/10634266070150020301

Hutchinson, S. D. (2016). We Are the Ants. Simon Pulse.

International Board of Credentialing and Continuing Educational Standards. (2020, April 7). The mental health

crisis in schools: What teachers can do. IBCCES. https://ibcces.org/blog/2019/03/09/mental-health-crisis-schools/

Jans, M., Meyers, M., & Fricker, S. (2015). Social science survey methodology training: Understanding the past and

assessing the present to shape our future. Survey Practice, 8(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.29115/sp-2015-0007

Johnson, C., Eva, A. L., Johnson, L., & Walker, B. (2010). Don’t turn away: Empowering teachers to support

students’ mental health. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 84(1), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2010.484441

Kamel, A., Haridi, H. K., Alblowi, T. M., Albasher, A. S., & Alnazhah, N. A. (2020). Beliefs about students’ mental

health issues among teachers at elementary and high schools, Hail Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 27(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-020-00039-8

Kaysen, S. (1993). Girl, Interrupted. Vintage.

Kim, Y. N., & Seo, J. M. (2010). Effects of mental illness education using movies on perceptions and attitudes of

middle and high school teachers toward mental illness. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 19(4), 382. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2010.19.4.382

Kirchherr, J., & Charles, K. (2018). Enhancing the sample diversity of snowball samples: Recommendations from a

research project on anti-dam movements in Southeast Asia. PLOS ONE, 13(8), e0201710. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201710

Krebs, N. (2019, September 19). States are adding mental health training in schools, but is it enough? WFYI.

https://www.wfyi.org/news/articles/states-are-adding-mental-health-training-in-schools-but-is-it-enough

Lawson, A., & Fouts, G. (2004). Mental illness in Disney animated films. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry,

(5), 310–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370404900506

Lucier-Greer, M., O’Neal, C. W., Arnold, A. L., Mancini, J. A., & Wickrama, K. K. (2014). Adolescent mental

health and academic functioning: Empirical support for contrasting models of risk and vulnerability. Military Medicine, 179(11), 1279–1287. https://doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-14-00090

Marsh, R. J. (2015). Identifying students with mental health issues. Intervention in School and Clinic, 51(5),

–322. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451215606706

Martin, J. K., Pescosolido, B. A., Olafsdottir, S., & Mcleod, J. D. (2007). The construction of fear: Americans’

preferences for social distance from children and adolescents with mental health problems. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 48(1), 50–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/002214650704800104

Mental Health America. (2022). The state of mental health in America.

https://www.mhanational.org/issues/state-mental-health-america

Miller, F., & Wiltse, J. (1979). Mental health and the teacher. Journal of School Health, 49(7), 374–377.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1979.tb08096.x

Milton, A. L., & Holmes, E. A. (2018). Of mice and mental health: Facilitating dialogue and seeing further.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 373(1742), 20170022. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0022

Niven, J. (2015). All the Bright Places. Knopf.

Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis. International Journal of

Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 160940691773384. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847

Parcesepe, A. M., & Cabassa, L. J. (2012). Public stigma of mental illness in the United States: A systematic

literature review. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 40(5), 384–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-012-0430-z

Parrott, S., & Parrott, C. T. (2015). Law & disorder: The portrayal of mental illness in U.S. crime dramas. Journal of

Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 59(4), 640–657. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2015.1093486

Pescosolido, B. A., Jensen, P. S., Martin, J. K., Perry, B. L., Olafsdottir, S., & Fettes, D. (2008). Public knowledge

and assessment of child mental health problems: Findings from the National Stigma Study-Children. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(3), 339–349. https://doi.org/10.1097/chi.0b013e318160e3a0

Radez, J., Reardon, T., Creswell, C., Lawrence, P. J., Evdoka-Burton, G., & Waite, P. (2021). Why do children and

adolescents (not) seek and access professional help for their mental health problems? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(2), 183–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01469-4

Salinger, J. D. (1951). The Catcher in the Rye. Back Bay Books.

Sax, L. (2003). Who first suggests the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? The Annals of Family

Medicine, 1(3), 171–174. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.3

Scarf, D., Zimmerman, H., Winter, T., Boden, H., Graham, S., Riordan, B. C., & Hunter, J. A. (2020). Association of

viewing the films Joker or Terminator: Dark Fate with prejudice toward individuals with mental illness. JAMA Network Open, 3(4), e203423. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3423

Shusterman, N. (2015). Challenger Deep. HarperCollins.

Silverman, D. (2013). Doing Qualitative Research. SAGE Publications.

Stuart, H. (2006). Media portrayal of mental illness and its treatments: What effect does it have on people with

mental illness? CNS Drugs, 20(2), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200620020-00002

Tabibnia, G., Lieberman, M. D., & Craske, M. G. (2008). The lasting effect of words on feelings: Words may

facilitate exposure effects to threatening images. Emotion, 8(3), 307–317. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.8.3.307

Vizzini, N. (2006). It’s Kind of a Funny Story. Disney-Hyperion.

Wilson, C., Nairn, R., Coverdale, J., & Panapa, A. (2000). How mental illness is portrayed in children's television: A

prospective study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176(5), 440-443. doi:10.1192/bjp.176.5.440

World Health Organization. (2021, October 11). Improving the mental and brain health of children and adolescents.

https://www.who.int/activities/improving-the-mental-and-brain-health-of-children-and-adolescents#:%7E:text=Half%20of%20all%20mental%20health,opportunities%20for%20leading%20fulfilling%20lives

Yao, M., Kadetz, P. I., Sidibe, A. M., Wu, Y., Li, J., Lyu, J., Ma, C., & Hesketh, T. (2021). Teachers’ perceptions of

student mental health in eastern china: A qualitative study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), 7271. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147271

Zappia, F. (2017). Eliza and Her Monsters. Greenwillow Books.

Published

08-31-2022

How to Cite

Ji, J., & Wong, V. (2022). Perceptions of Teenage Psychological Disorder: How do students’ and teachers’ perceptions of teenage literary characters with PDs compare and contrast?. Journal of Student Research, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v11i3.2823

Issue

Section

AP Capstone™ Research