Efficacy of Music Therapy on Adolescents with Depressive Symptoms

Authors

  • Abhilasha Bellapu Ardrey Kell High School
  • Susan Chemmanoor Marvin Ridge High School
  • Michelle Hu Ardrey Kell High School
  • Nayeon Kim Marvin Ridge High School
  • Dr. M. Cherie Clark, Ph.D Mentor, Queens University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v10i4.2385

Keywords:

music therapy, depression, adolescent depression, traditional therapy for depression

Abstract

Adolescents in the USA are experiencing increasing rates of depressive symptoms each year, resulting in a variety of emotional, social, neurological, and behavioral problems. Current traditional treatments are limited in their ability to reduce symptoms of depression. In the past few decades, music therapy has emerged as a viable treatment for depression and its comorbidities across various age groups and demographics. Music therapy is a unique form of clinical and evidence-based treatment characterized by a relationship between the music therapist and patient to address the patients’ needs through various methods such as song-writing, listening, and/or singing. This literature review analyzes a wide range of qualitative and quantitative sources studying various cohorts and contexts to examine the efficacy of music therapy for treating adolescent depression in comparison to traditional treatments. We found that most sources concluded that music therapy is more effective than traditional treatments and can be used as a supplement to such treatments. Music therapy has multiple positive socio-emotional, behavioral, and neurological effects, particularly for adolescents with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, many studies noted improvements in the comorbidities and related disorders of depression. In the future, studies should be conducted with standardized trials focusing specifically on adolescents and music therapy treatments to refine therapeutic applications. In conclusion, we make the case that music therapy should be made more accessible to adolescents as a treatment option.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References or Bibliography

Aalbers, S., Fusar-Poli, L., Freeman, R. E., Spreen, M., Ket, J. C., Vink, A. C., Maratos, A., Crawford, M., Chen, X. J., & Gold, C. (2017). Music therapy for depression. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11(11), CD004517. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004517.pub3

Abramowitz, J. S., Taylor, S., & McKay, D. (2005). Potentials and limitations of cognitive treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 34(3), 140-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070510041202

Albornoz, Y. (2011). The effects of group improvisational music therapy on depression in adolescents and adults with substance abuse: a randomised controlled trial. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 20(3), 208‐224. https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2010.522717

Algoodkar, S., & Sunitha, G. (2019). Impact of music therapy in reducing the severity of depression measured by MADRS among depression patients: A randomized control study. International Archives of Integrated Medicine, 6(1), 41-47, http://oaji.net/articles/2019/1398-1548401765.pdf

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (2018, June). Suicide in children and teens. https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Teen-Suicide-010.aspx

American Music Therapy Association. (n.d.-a). What is music therapy? Retrieved 25 September, 2021, from https://www.musictherapy.org/about/musictherapy/

American Music Therapy Association. (n.d.-b). History of music therapy. Retrieved 5 August, 2021, from https://www.musictherapy.org/about/history/

American Music Therapy Association. (n.d.-c). What is AMTA? Retrieved 25 September, 2021, from https://www.musictherapy.org/about/whatis/

American Psychiatric Association. What is depression? Retrieved 26 September, 2021, from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression

American Psychological Association. (2010). Depression and how psychotherapy and other treatments can help people recover. https://www.apa.org/topics/depression/recover

Amiri, S., Parvizi Fard, A., Khaledi-Paveh, B., Foroughi, A., Bavafa, A., Bazani, M., Mohammadian, Y., & Sadeghi, K. (2019). The effectiveness of music therapy on insomnia using Persian traditional music. Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums.86914

Archer, J., Bower, P., Gilbody, S., Lovell, K., Richards, D., Gask, L., Dickens, C., & Coventry, P. (2012). Collaborative care for depression and anxiety problems. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (10). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006525.pub2

Atiwannapat, P., Thaipisuttikula, P., Poopityastaporn, P., Katekaew, W. (2016). Active versus receptive group music therapy for major depressive disorder—A pilot study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 26, 141-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2016.03.015

Axelson, D. A., & Birmaher, B. (2001). Relation between anxiety and depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence. [Abstract] Depression and Anxiety, 14(2), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.1048

Bibb, J., Castle, D., & Newton, R. (2015). The role of music therapy in reducing post meal related anxiety for patients with anorexia nervosa. Journal of Eating Disorders, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-015-0088-5

Bradley, K. L., McGrath, P. J., Brannen, C. L., & Bagnell, A. L. (2009). Adolescents’ attitudes and opinions about depression treatment. Community Mental Health Journal, 46(3), 242–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-009-9224-5

Bradt, J., Potvin, N., Kesslick, A., Shim, M., Radl, D., Schriver, E., Gracely, E. J., & Komarnicky-Kocher, L. T. (2014). The impact of music therapy versus music medicine on psychological outcomes and pain in cancer patients: a mixed methods study. Supportive Care in Cancer, 23(5), 1261–1271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-014-2478-7

Brumariu, L. E., & Kerns, K. A. (2010). Parent-child attachment and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence: A review of empirical findings and future directions. [Abstract] Development and Psychopathology, 22(1), 177–203. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409990344

Carr, C. E., O’ Kelly, J., Sandford, S., & Priebe, S. (2017). Feasibility and acceptability of group music therapy vs wait-list control for treatment of patients with long-term depression (the SYNCHRONY trial): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. [Abstract] Trials, 18(1), 149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-1893-8

Castillo-Pérez, S., Gómez-Pérez, V., Calvillo, M., Velasco, Pérez-Campos, E., & Mayoral, M. (2010). Effects of music therapy on depression compared with psychotherapy. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 37(5), 387-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2010.07.001

Chang, M.-Y., Chen, C.-H., & Huang, K.-F. (2008). Effects of music therapy on psychological health of women during pregnancy. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(19), 2580–2587. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02064.x

Chen, X. (1992). Active music therapy for senile depression. [Abstract] Chinese Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 25(4), 208‐210. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1478135/

Chen, X.-J., Hannibal, N., & Gold, C. (2015). Randomized trial of group music therapy with chinese prisoners. [Abstract] International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 60(9), 1064–1081. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624x15572795

Choi, A.-N., Lee, M. S., & Lee, J.-S. (2010). Group music intervention reduces aggression and improves self-esteem in children with highly aggressive behavior: A pilot controlled trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 7(2), 213–217. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem182

Chu, H., Yang, C. Y., Lin, Y., Ou, K. L., Lee, T. Y., O'Brien, A. P., & Chou, K. R. (2014). The impact of group music therapy on depression and cognition in elderly persons with dementia: A randomized controlled study. [Abstract] Biological Research for Nursing, 16(2), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800413485410

Cook, S. C., Schwartz, A. C., & Kaslow, N. J. (2017). Evidence-based psychotherapy: advantages and challenges. [Abstract] Neurotherapeutics, 14(3), 537–545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-017-0549-4

Council on Communications and Media. (2009). Impact of music, music lyrics, and music videos on children and youth. Pediatrics, 124(5), 1488-1494. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-2145

Curtin, S. C. (2020, September 11). State suicide rates among adolescents and young adults aged 10–24: United States, 2000–2018. National Vital Statistics Reports, 69(11). https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr69/nvsr-69-11-508.pdf

Dere-Meyer, C., Bender, B., Metzl, E., & Diaz, K. (2011). Psychotropic medication and art therapy: Overview of literature and clinical considerations. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 38(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2010.10.003

Dong, M., Liang-Nan Zeng, Lu, L., Xiao-Hong, L., Ungvari, G. S., Ng, C. H., Chow, I. H. I., Zhang, L., Zhou, Y., & Yu-Tao, X. (2019). Prevalence of suicide attempt in individuals with major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of observational surveys. Psychological Medicine, 49(10), 1691-1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718002301

Dunn, V., & Goodyer, I. M. (2006). Longitudinal investigation into childhood-and adolescence-onset depression: Psychiatric outcome in early adulthood. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188(3), 216–222. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.188.3.216

Eren, B. (2015). The use of music interventions to improve social skills in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders in integrated group music therapy sessions. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 207–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.125

Erkkilä, J., Punkanen, M., Fachner, J., Ala-Ruona, E., Pöntiö, I., Tervaniemi, M., Vanhala, M., & Gold, C. (2011). Individual music therapy for depression: randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 199(2), 132–139. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.085431

Feng, F., Zhang, Y., Hou, J., Cai, J., Jiang, Q., Li, X., Zhao, Q., & Li, B.-an. (2018). Can music improve sleep quality in adults with primary insomnia? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. [Abstract] International Journal of Nursing Studies, 77, 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.10.011

Field, T., Martinez, A., Nawrocki, T., Pickens, J., Fox, N. A., & Schanberg, S. (1998). Music shifts frontal EEG in depressed adolescents. Adolescence, 33(129), 109–116. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9583665/

Geipel, J., Koenig, J., Hillecke, T. K., Resch, F., & Kaess, M. (2018). Music-based interventions to reduce internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 225, 647–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.035

Ghasemtabar, S. N., Hosseini, M., Fayyaz, I., Arab, S., Naghashian, H., & Poudineh, Z. (2015). Music therapy: An effective approach in improving social skills of children with autism. Advanced Biomedical Research, 4, 157. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.161584

Gold, C., Erkkilä, J., Bonde, L. O., Trondalen, G., Maratos, A., & Crawford, M. J. (2011). Music therapy or music medicine? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 80(5), 304–304. https://doi.org/10.1159/000323166

Gold, C., Mössler, K., Grocke, D., Heldal, T. O., Tjemsland, L., Aarre, T., Aarø, L. E., Rittmannsberger, H., Stige, B., Assmus, J., & Rolvsjord, R. (2013). Individual music therapy for mental health care clients with low therapy motivation: Multicentre randomised controlled trial. [Abstract] Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 82(5), 319–331. https://doi.org/10.1159/000348452

Gutgsell, K. J., Schluchter, M., Margevicius, S., DeGolia, P. A., McLaughlin, B., Harris, M., Mecklenburg, J., & Wiencek, C. (2013). Music therapy reduces pain in palliative care patients: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 45(5), 822–831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.05.008

Hakvoort, L., Bogaerts, S., Thaut, M. H., & Spreen, M. (2013). Influence of music therapy on coping skills and anger management in forensic psychiatric patients. [Abstract] International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 59(8), 810–836. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624x13516787

Halverson-Ramos, F., Breyfogle, S., Brinkman, T., Hannan, A., Hyatt, C., Horowitz, S., Martin, T., Masko, M., Newman, J., & Sehr, A. (2019). Music therapy in child and adolescent behavioral health. https://www.musictherapy.org/assets/1/7/MT_Child_Adolescent_Behavioral_Health_2019.pdf

Hamid, N., & Biat, A. (2019). The effectiveness of music therapy on depression and happiness of depressed women. NeuroQuantology, 17(12), 19-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2019.17.12.NQ19110

Hanser, S.B., & Thompson L.W. (1994). Effects of a music therapy strategy on depressed older adults. The Journals of Gerontology, 49(6), 265-269. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/49.6.p265

Harmat, L., Takács, J., & Bódizs, R. (2008). Music improves sleep quality in students. [Abstract] Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(3), 327–335. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04602.x

Hendricks, C. B., Robinson, B., Bradley, L. J., & Davis, K. (1999). Using music techniques to treat adolescent depression. The Journal of Humanistic Counseling, 38(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-490X.1999.tb00160.x

Hendricks, C. B. (2001). A study of the use of music therapy techniques in a group for the treatment of adolescent depression [Unpublished doctoral dissertation] Texas Tech University.

Hilliard, R. E. (2007). The effects of off-based music therapy and social work groups on childhood grief symptoms and behaviors. Journal of Music Therapy, 44(2), 123-38. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/44.2.123

Hwang, E.-Y., & Oh, S.-H. (2013). A comparison of the effects of music therapy interventions on depression, anxiety, anger, and stress on alcohol-dependent clients: A pilot study. [Abstract] Music and Medicine, 5(3), 136–144. https://doi.org/10.1177/1943862113495894

Jasemi, M., Aazami, S., & Zabihi, R. E. (2016). The effects of music therapy on anxiety and depression of cancer patients. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 22(4), 455–458. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1075.191823

Jespersen, K. V., Koenig, J., Jennum, P., & Vuust, P. (2015). Music for insomnia in adults. [Abstract] Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd010459.pub2

Kamioka, H., Mutoh, Y., Tsutani, K., Yamada, M., Park, H., Okuizumi, H., Tsuruoka, K., Honda, T., Okada, S., Park, S.-J., Kityuguchi, J., Abe, T., Handa, S., & Oshio, T. (2014). Effectiveness of music therapy: a summary of systematic reviews based on randomized controlled trials of music interventions. Patient Preference and Adherence, 727. https://doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s61340

Khyzhna, O., & Shafranska, K. (2020). Music therapy as an important element in shaping communication competences in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of History, Culture & Art Research / Tarih Kültür ve Sanat Arastirmalari Dergisi, 9(3), 106–114. https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v9i3.2823

Koelsch S. (2010). Towards a neural basis of music-evoked emotions. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(3), 131–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.01.002

Koelsch, S. (2014). Brain correlates of music-evoked emotions. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15, 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3666

Kwok, S. (2018). Integrating positive psychology and elements of music therapy to alleviate adolescent anxiety. Research on Social Work Practice, 29(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731518773423

Langhammer, B., Sagbakken, M., Kvaal, K., Ulstein, I., Nåden, D., & Rognstad, M. K. (2019). Music therapy and physical activity to ease anxiety, restlessness, irritability, and aggression in individuals with dementia with signs of frontotemporal lobe degeneration. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57(5), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20190124-02

Leggieri, M., Thaut, M. H., Fornazzari, L., Schweizer, T. A., Barfett, J., Munoz, D. G., & Fischer, C. E. (2019). Music intervention approaches for Alzheimer's disease: a review of the literature. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00132

Leichsenring, F., Hiller, W., Weissberg, M., & Leibing, E. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy: techniques, efficacy, and indications. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 60(3), 233–259. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2006.60.3.233

Lejonclou, A., & Trondalen, G. (2009). “I’ve started to move into my own body”: Music therapy with women suffering from eating disorders. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 18(1), 79–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/08098130802610924

Leubner, D., & Hinterberger, T. (2017). Reviewing the effectiveness of music interventions in treating depression. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01109

Levin, Y. (1998). “Brain music” in the treatment of patients with insomnia. [Abstract] Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 28(3), 330–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02462965

Lim, K.-B., Kim, Y.-K., Lee, H.-J., Yoo, J., Hwang, J. Y., Kim, J.-A., & Kim, S.-K. (2013). The therapeutic effect of neurologic music therapy and speech language therapy in post-stroke aphasic patients. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 37(4), 556. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2013.37.4.556

Mahdipour, R., & Nematollahi, M. (2012). The effect of the music listening and the intensive care unit visit program on the anxiety, stress and depression levels of the heart surgery patients candidates. Iran Journal of Critical Care Nursing, 5(3), 133-138. http://jccnursing.com/article-1-225-en.pdf

Maj, M. (2011). When does depression become a mental disorder? British Journal of Psychiatry, 199(2), 85-86. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.089094

Maratos, A., Crawford, M. J., & Procter, S. (2011). Music therapy for depression: it seems to work, but how? British Journal of Psychiatry, 199(2), 92–93. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.087494

March, J. S., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., & Severe, J. (2007). The treatment for adolescents with depression study (TADS): Long-term effectiveness and safety outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(10), 1132–1143. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.10.1132

Matthews, S. (2015). Dementia and the power of music therapy. Bioethics, 29(8), 573–579. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12148

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2018). Depression (major depressive disorder). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 5 August, 2021. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356013

McFerran, K. (2010). Adolescents, music and music therapy methods and techniques for clinicians, educators and students. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Meymandi A. (2009). Music, medicine, healing, and the genome project. Psychiatry , 6(9), 43–45. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2766288/

Mohammadi, A. Z., Shahabi, T., & Panah, F. M. (2011). An evaluation of the effect of group music therapy on stress, anxiety, and depression levels in nursing home residents. Canadian Journal of Music Therapy, 17(1), 55-68.

Mojtabai, R., Olfson, M., & Han, B. (2016). National trends in the prevalence and treatment of depression in adolescents and young adults. Pediatrics, 138(6). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1878

Moncrieff, J., & Kirsch, I. (2005). Efficacy of antidepressants in adults. BMJ, 331(7509), 155–157. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7509.155

National Health Service. (2018, August 16). Overview - antidepressants. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/medicines-and-psychiatry/antidepressants/overview/

National Institute of Mental Health. (2016). Mental health medications. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications/

National Institute of Mental Health. (2018, February). Depression. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/

National Institute of Mental Health. (2019, February). Major depression. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/major-depression

Naylor, K. T., Kingsnorth, S., Lamont, A., McKeever, P., & Macarthur, C. (2011). The effectiveness of music in pediatric healthcare: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011, Article ID 464759. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/464759

Parquet, S. C. (2017). Effects of music therapy on depressed adolescents. (Publication No. 10634904) [Doctoral dissertation, Brandman University] Proquest Dissertations and Theses.

Pasiali, V., Hassall, J., Park, H. A., & Quick, D. (2020). Music therapy programming for persons with eating disorders. Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy, 20(3), 15. https://doi.org/10.15845/voices.v20i3.2785

Pigott, H. E., Leventhal, A. M., Alter, G. S., & Boren, J. J. (2010). Efficacy and effectiveness of antidepressants: current status of research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 79(5), 267–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000318293

Popa, L. (2015). The use of music therapy as a factor of sustainable development. Procedia Economics and Finance, 32, 1060–1065. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)01568-3

Porter, S., McConnell, T., McLaughlin, K., Lynn, F., Cardwell, C., Braiden, H., Boylan, J., & Holmes, V. (2017). Music therapy for children and adolescents with behavioural and emotional problems: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(5), 586-594. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12656

Prakash, R. (n.d.). Passive and active music therapy. Retrieved 5 August, 2021, from https://sites.duke.edu/voicestogether/series-the-potential-power-of-music-therapy-within-the-autism-community/passive-and-active-music-therapy/

Radulovic, R. (1996). The using of music therapy in treatment of depressive disorders. [Abstract] Summary of Master Thesis. Belgrade: Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade.

Rafieyan, R., & Ries, R. (2007). A description of the use of music therapy in consultation-liaison psychiatry. Psychiatry 4(1), 47–52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2922391/#:~:text=Therapists%20conduct%20ongoing%20assessments%20through,in%20spontaneous%20music%2Dmaking%20experiences.&text=Thus%2C%20a%20patient%20may%20progress,to%20sing%20or%20actually%20singing

Raglio, A., Attardo, L., Gontero, G., Rollino, S., Groppo, E., & Granieri, E. (2015). Effects of music and music therapy on mood in neurological patients. World Journal of Psychiatry, 5(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v5.i1.68

Rahmani, M., Saeed, B. B., & Aghili, M. (2016). Integrating effect of art and music therapy on depression in adolescents. Journal of Educational Sciences & Psychology, 6(2), 78–87.

Ramirez, R., Planas, J., Escude, N., Mercade, J., & Farriols, C. (2018). EEG-based analysis of the emotional effect of music therapy on palliative care cancer patients. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00254

Reangsing, C., Punsuwun, S., & Schneider, J. K. (2021). Effects of mindfulness interventions on depressive symptoms in adolescents: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 115, 103848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103848

Romo, R., & Gifford, L. (2007). A cost-benefit analysis of music therapy in a home hospice. [Abstract] Nursing Economics, 25(6), 353-358. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18240837/#:~:text=In%20this%20small%20study%2C%20the,cost%20benefit%20ratio%20is%200.95

Sharma, M., & Jagdev, T. (2012). Use of music therapy for enhancing self-esteem among academically stressed adolescents. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 27(1), 53–64.

Shiranibidabadi, S., & Mehryar, A. (2015). Music therapy as an adjunct to standard treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder and co-morbid anxiety and depression: A randomized clinical trial. [abstract] Journal of Affective Disorders, 184, 13–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.011

Shuman, J., Kennedy, H., DeWitt, P., Edelblute, A., & Wamboldt, M. Z. (2016). Group music therapy impacts mood states of adolescents in a psychiatric hospital setting. [Abstract] The Arts in Psychotherapy, 49, 50–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2016.05.014

Statista Research Department (2021, January 8). Favorite music genres among consumers in the United States as of July 2018, by age group. https://www.statista.com/statistics/253915/favorite-music-genres-in-the-us/

Stegemann, T., Geretsegger, M., Phan Quoc, E., Riedl, H., & Smetana, M. (2019). Music therapy and other music-based interventions in pediatric health care: An overview. Medicines), 6(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines6010025

Swanson, A. L. (2020). Music therapy in schools: Stimulating the mind and body to create positive change. [Abstract] Promoting Mind–Body Health in Schools: Interventions for Mental Health Professionals. 233–244. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000157-016

Tang, Q., Huang, Z., Zhou, H., & Ye, P. (2020). Effects of music therapy on depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PlOS ONE, 15(11), e0240862. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240862

Tervo, J. (2001). Music therapy for adolescents. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 6(1), 79–91. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.612.7940&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Thaut, M. H., Gardiner, J. C., Holmberg, D., Horwitz, J., Kent, L., Andrews, G., Donelan, B., & McIntosh, G. R. (2009). Neurologic music therapy improves executive function and emotional adjustment in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. [Special Issue]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1169, 406–416. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04585.x

Twenge, J. M. (2020). Increases in depression, self‐harm, and suicide among U.S. adolescents after 2012 and links to technology use: Possible mechanisms. Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice, 2(1), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.prcp.20190015

Wakim, J. H., Smith, S., & Guinn, C. (2010). The efficacy of music therapy. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 25(4), 226-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2010.05.009

Wang, C.-F., Sun, Y.-L., & Zang, H.-X. (2014). Music therapy improves sleep quality in acute and chronic sleep disorders: A meta-analysis of 10 randomized studies. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(1), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.03.008

Weinberger, A., Martinez, A., Nash, D., Gbedemah, M., & Galea, S. (2017, October 30). Depression is on the rise in the U.S., especially among young teens. Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/public-health-now/news/depression-rise-us-especially-among-young-teens

Wheeler, B. L., Shiflett, S. C., & Nayak, S. (2003). Effects of number of sessions and group or individual music therapy on the mood and behavior of people who have had strokes or traumatic brain injuries. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 12(2), 139–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/08098130309478084

Wisdom, J. P., Clarke, G. N., & Green, C. A. (2006). What teens want: barriers to seeking care for depression. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 33(2), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-006-0036-4

Wu, S. M. (2002). Effects of music therapy on anxiety, depression, and self-esteem of undergraduates. [Abstract] Psychologia, 45(2), 104–114. https://doi.org/10.2117/psysoc.2002.104

Zanders, M. L. (2018). Music as therapy versus music in therapy. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 50(4), 218–219. https://doi.org/10.1097/jnn.0000000000000379

Zerhusen, J. D., Boyle, K., & Wilson, W. (1991). Out of the darkness: group cognitive therapy for depressed elderly. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 29(9), 16–21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1941727/

Zhao, K., Bai, Z. G., Bo, A., & Chi, I. (2016). A systematic review and meta-analysis of music therapy for the older adults with depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(11), 1188–1198. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4494

Published

11-30-2021

How to Cite

Bellapu, A., Chemmanoor, S., Hu, M., Kim, N., & Clark, C. (2021). Efficacy of Music Therapy on Adolescents with Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Student Research, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v10i4.2385

Issue

Section

HS Review Articles