Canada’s Future Pandemic Plan: A Reflection of COVID-19

Authors

  • Emily Xu Havergal College

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v10i4.2173

Keywords:

Covid-19, Canada, Vaccines, case tracing, case tracking, public health, pandemic, plan, epidemiology, coronavirus, virology, SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

COVID-19 is one of the most recent and devastating pandemic the world is facing. Canada, despite preparation with developing national and provincial pandemic plans, experiencing a delay of transmission of COVID-19, and maintaining international connections, Canada experienced disappointing challenges. This paper evaluates COVID-19 and Canada's actions towards research, surveillance, health care, case tracking, vaccines, and social communication, as a measure of evaluation on Canada’s preparedness. Here a combination of data is used, including statistics of Canada’s case/death count, along with analysis of many other countries around the world, including South Korea, Israel, and the United States. With many countries implementing various regulations at different time periods during the growth of COVID-19, this paper considers and interprets the importance of various government interventions. SARS-CoV-2 is extremely transmissible and mutable, emphasizing the importance of rapid efforts to mitigate impacts and to focus on the most vulnerable. As COVID-19 continues to evolve, without any effective control measures, Canada would continue to see a disproportionate influence of COVID-19. Additionally, since a future pandemic is unavoidable, the COVID-19 pandemic is an amazing event that showcases Canada’s places of improvement and development. This proposed plan outlines elements that Canada should consider, as we continue to fight against SARS-CoV-2, and for the future epidemics/pandemics.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References or Bibliography

Alipoor, S. D., Mortaz, E., Jamaati, H., Tabarsi, P., Bayram, H., Varahram, M., & Adcock, I. M. (2021). Covid-19: Molecular and Cellular Response. frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.563085

Artika, I. M., Dewantari, A. K., & Wiyatno, A. (2020). Molecular biology of coronaviruses: current knowledge. Heliyon, 6(8). doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04743

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, July 1). Zoonotic Diseases. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/basics/zoonotic-diseases.html

Clutter, C. (2020, June 5). The Biology and Immunology of Covid-19 Susceptibility. American Society for Microbiology. https://asm.org/Articles/2020/June/The-Biology-and-Immunology-of-COVID-19-Susceptibil

Fan, Y., Zhao, K., Shi, Z.-L., & Zhou, P. (2019). Bat Coronaviruses in China. Viruses, 11(3), 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11030210

Ipsos. (2021, March 11). COVID-19 vaccination intent has soared across the world. Ipsos. https://www.ipsos.com/en/covid-19-vaccination-intent-has-soared-across-world

Lan, J., Ge, J., Yu, J., Shan, S., Zhou, H., Fan, S., Zhang, Q., Shi, X., Wang, Q., Zhang, L., & Wang, X. (2020). Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound at the ACE2 receptor. Nature, 581, 215-220. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2180-5

Lau, S. K.P., & Chan, J. F.W. (2015). Coronaviruses: emerging and re-emerging pathogens in humans and animals. Virology Journal, 209. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-015-0432-z

Lewis, D. (2021). COVID-19 rarely spreads through surfaces. So why are we still deep cleaning? Nature, 590, 26-28. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00251-4

Mallapaty, S. (2020). Where did COVID come from? WHO investigation begins but faces challenges. Nature, 587, 341-342. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-03165-9

Neuman, B. W., & Buchmeier, M. J. (2016). Chapter One - Supramolecular Architecture of the Coronavirus Particle. Advances in Virus Research, 96, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2016.08.005

OECD. (2011). Society at a Glance 2011: OECD Social Indicators. OECD, 103. https://doi.org/10.1787/soc_glance-2011-en

O'Neill, A. (2021, July). Canada: Population density from 2008 to 2018. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/271206/population-density-in-canada/

Pan-Canadian Public Health Network. (2018). Canadian Pandemic Influenza Preparedness: Planning Guidance for the Health Sector. Pan-Canadian Public Health Network. https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac-aspc/migration/phac-aspc/cpip-pclcpi/assets/pdf/report-rapport-02-2018-eng.pdf

Pike, B. L., Saylors, K. E., Fair, J. N., LeBreton, M., Tamoufe, U., Djoko, C. F., Rimoin, A. W., & Wolfe, N. D. (2010). The Origin and Prevention of Pandemics. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 50(12). doi: 10.1086/652860

Rabson, M. (2021, May 7). Canadians' trust in COVID-19 vaccines growing, but it depends on the shot: survey. The Canadian Press. https://globalnews.ca/news/7841964/covid-vaccine-trust-canadians/

Rivière, E. (2020, November 23). COVID-19 vaccine faces an increasingly hesitant public. Kantar. https://www.kantar.com/inspiration/coronavirus/covid-19-vaccine-faces-an-increasingly-hesitant-public

UK Research and Innovation. (2020, March 25). What is coronavirus? The different types of coronaviruses. UKRI. https://coronavirusexplained.ukri.org/en/article/cad0003/#ref1

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2017). Pandemic Influenza Plan. CDC, HHS. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/pdf/pan-flu-report-2017v2.pdf

V'Kovski, P., Kratzel, A., Steiner, S., Stalder, H., & Thiel, V. (2021). Coronavirus biology and replication: implications for SARS-CoV-2. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 19, 155-170. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-00468-6

World Health Organization. (2017). Pandemic influenza risk management: a Who guide to inform and harmonize national and international pandemic preparedness and response. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/influenza/preparedness/pandemic/PIRM_update_052017.pdf

Yu, A., Prasad, S., Akande, A., Murariu, A., Yuan, S., Kathirkamanathan, S., Ma, M., & Ladha, S. (2020, December). Covid-19 in Canada: A self-assessment and review of preparedness and response. Journal of global health, 10(2), 12. doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.0203104

Published

06-10-2022

How to Cite

Xu, E. (2022). Canada’s Future Pandemic Plan: A Reflection of COVID-19. Journal of Student Research, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v10i4.2173

Issue

Section

HS Review Articles